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Alpine-Agrarian Languages
Copyright © 2004-2021 C.E. by D. Jon Scott
Introduction
The Alpine-Agrarian languages are those dialects of Proto-Paleoboreanic, or those branches of the Palaeoboreanic language family, which underwent voicing of consonants adjascent to back-vowels (Terran languages) and glottal deconsonantalization.
Variant Group A: Onset Voicing in Open Dialects
+ Glottal Deconsonsantalization
In open dialects, the onsets of syllables with back vowels were voiced.
Daa-doi-rarao
Open, preformative, suffixing, OVS
Transliteration 1: teqo-papequ-taqo-kitoqa taqi-taqiqo-teqi taqe-toqaqo-takikoqaqo kaqi-kiqi-papequ-tataqo
Transliteration 2: deqo-babequ-daqo-gidoqa daqi-daqiqo-deqi daqe-doqaqo-dagigoqaqo gaqi-giqi-babequ-dadaqo
Pronunciation: te.o-bape.u-da.o-kido.a da.i-da.i.o-de.i da.e-do.a.o-dakigo.a.o-ga.i-ki.i-bape.u-ɾaɾa.o
Transcription: teo-bapeu-dao-kidoa dai-daio-dei dae-doao-dakigoao-gai-kii-bapeu-rarao
Gloss: cause-big-object-gerund-before things-object-all-of exist-verb-past-evidental nothing-big-ness-subject
Translation: Before the great origin of all things, there must have existed in those days a great nothingness.
Daa-doi-rarao
Open, preformative, suffixing, SVO
Transliteration 1: kaqi-kiqi-papequ-tataqo taqe-toqaqo-takikoqaqo taqi-taqiqo-teqi teqo-papequ-taqo-kitoqa
Transliteration 2: gaqi-giqi-babequ-dadaqo daqe-doqaqo-dagigoqaqo daqi-daqiqo-deqi deqo-babequ-daqo-gidoqa
Pronunciation: ga.i-ki.i-bape.u-ɾaɾa.o da.e-do.a.o-dakigo.a.o da.i-da.i.o-de.i te.o-bape.u-da.o-kido.a
Transcription: gai-kii-bapeu-rarao dae-doao-dakigoao dai-daio-dei teo-bapeu-dao-kidoa
Gloss: nothing-big-ness-subject exist-verb-past-evidental things-object-all-of cause-big-object-gerund-before
Translation: A great nothingness it seems existed in the days before the great cause of all things.
Ada-odi-orara
Open, afformative, suffixing, OVS
Transliteration 1: qote-qupepa-qota-qatoki qita-qoqita-qite qeta-qoqato-qoqakokita qika-qiki-qupepa-qotata
Transliteration 2: qode-qubeba-qoda-qadogi qida-qoqida-qide qeda-qoqado-qoqagogida qiga-qigi-qubeba-qodada
Pronunciation: ote-upeba-oda-adoki ida-o.ida-ite eda-o.ado-o.agokida iga-iki-upeba-oɾaɾa
Transcription: ote-upeba-oda-adoki ida-oida-ide eda-oado-oagokida iga-iki-upeba-orara
Gloss: Cause-big-object-gerund-before things-object-all-of exist-verb-past-evidental nothing-big-ness-subject
Translation: Before the great origin of all things, there must have existed in those days a great nothingness.
Ada-odi-orara
Open, afformative, suffixing, SVO
Transliteration 1: qika-qiki-qupepa-qotata qeta-qoqato-qoqakokita qita-qoqita-qite qote-qupepa-qota-qatoki
Transliteration 2: qiga-qigi-qubeba-qodada qeda-qoqado-qoqagogida qida-qoqida-qide qode-qubeba-qoda-qadogi
Pronunciation: iga-iki-upeba-oɾaɾa eda-o.ado-o.agokida ida-o.ida-ite ote-upeba-oda-adoki
Transcription: iga-iki-upeba-orara eda-oado-oagokida ida-oida-ide ote-upeba-oda-adoki
Gloss: nothing-big-ness-subject exist-verb-past-evidental things-object-all-of cause-big-object-gerund-before
Translation: A great nothingness it seems existed in the days before the great cause of all things.
Rarao-doi-daa
Open, preformative, prefixing, OVS
Transliteration 1: kitoqa-taqo-papequ-teqo teqi-taqiqo-taqi takikoqaqo-toqaqo-taqe tataqo-pepequ-kiqi-kaqi
Transliteration 2: gidoqa-daqo-babequ-deqo deqi-daqiqo-daqi dagigoqaqo-doqaqo-daqe dadaqo-bebequ-giqi-gaqi
Pronunciation: kido.a-da.o-bape.u-te.o de.i-da.i.o-da.i dakigo.a.o-do.a.o-da.e ɾaɾa.o-pepe.u-ki.i-ga.i
Transcription: kidoa-dao-bapeu-teo dei-daio-dai dakigoao-doao-dae rarao-bepeu-kii-gai
Gloss: before-gerund-object-big-cause of-all-things-object evidental-past-verb-exist subject-ness-big-none
Translation: Before the great origin of all things, there must have existed in those days a great nothingness.
Rarao-doi-daa
Open, preformative, prefixing, SVO
Transliteration 1: tataqo-pepequ-kiqi-kaqi takikoqaqo-toqaqo-taqe teqi-taqiqo-taqi kitoqa-taqo-papequ-teqo
Transliteration 2: dadaqo-bebequ-giqi-gaqi dagigoqaqo-doqaqo-daqe deqi-daqiqo-daqi gidoqa-daqo-babequ-deqo
Pronunciation: ɾaɾa.o-bepe.u-ki.i-ga.i dakigo.a.o-do.a.o-da.e te.i-da.i.o-da.i kido.a-da.o-bape.u-te.o
Transcription: rarao-bepeu-kii-gai dakigoao-doao-dae dei-daio-dai kidoa-dao-bapeu-teo
Gloss: subject-ness-big-none evidental-past-verb-exist of-all-things-object before-gerund-object-big-cause
Translation: A great nothingness it seems existed in the days before the great cause of all things.
Orara-ido-ada
Open, afformative, prefixing, OVS
Transliteration 1: qatoki-qota-qupepa-qote qite-qoqita-qita qoqakokita-qoqato-qeta qotata-qupepa-qiki-qika
Transliteration 2: qadogi-qoda-qubeba-qode qide-qoqida-qida qoqagogida-qoqado-qeda qodada-qubeba-qigi-qiga
Pronunciation: adoki-oda-upeba-ote ite-o.ida-ida o.agokida-o.ado-eda oɾaɾa-upeba-iki-iga
Transcription: adoki-oda-upeba-ote ite-oida-ida oagokida-oado-eda orara-upeba-iki-iga
Gloss: before-gerund-object-big-cause of-all-things-object evidental-past-verb-exist subject-ness-big-none
Translation: Before the great origin of all things, there must have existed in those days a great nothingness.
Orara-ido-ada
Open, afformative, prefixing, SVO
Transliteration: qotata-qupepa-qiki-qika qoqakokita-qoqato-qeta qite-qoqita-qita qatoki-qota-qupepa-qote
Transliteration: qodada-qubeba-qigi-qiga qoqagogida-qoqado-qeda qide-qoqida-qida qadogi-qoda-qubeba-qode
Pronunciation: oɾaɾa-upeba-iki-iga o.agokida-o.ado-eda ite-o.ida-ida adoki-oda-upeba-ote
Transliteration: orara-upeba-iki-iga oagokida-oado-eda ite-oida-ida adoki-oda-upeba-ote
Gloss: subject-ness-big-none evidental-past-verb-exist of-all-things-object before-gerund-object-big-cause
Translation: A great nothingness it seems existed in the days before the great cause of all things.
Variant Group B: Codal Voicing in Closed Dialects
+ Glottal Deconsonantalization
In closed dialects, the codas of syllables with back vowels were voiced.
Ada-odi-araro
Closed, preformative, suffixing, OVS
Transliteration 1: etoq-apepuq-adoq-ikotaq atiq-atiqoq-etiq ateq-otaqoq-atikokaqoq akiq-ikiq-apepuq-atatoq
Transliteration 2: edoq-abebuq-adoq-igodaq adiq-adiqoq-ediq adeq-odaqoq-adigogaqoq agiq-igiq-abebuq-adadoq
Pronunciation: eto-abepu-ado-ikoda adi-adio-eti ade-oda.o-adikoga.o agi-iki-abepu-aɾaɾo
Transcription: eto-abepu-ado-ikoda adi-adio-eti ade-odao-adikogao agi-iki-abepu-araro
Gloss: cause-big-object-gerund-before things-object-all-of exist-verb-past-evidental nothing-big-ness-subject
Translation: Before the great origin of all things, there must have existed in those days a great nothingness.
Ada-odi-araro
Closed, preformative, suffixing, SVO
Transliteration 1: akiq-ikiq-apepuq-atatoq ateq-otaqoq-atikokaqoq atiq-atiqoq-etiq etoq-apepuq-atoq-ikotaq
Transliteration 2: agiq-igiq-abebuq-atatoq adeq-odaqoq-adigogaqoq adiq-adiqoq-ediq edoq-abebuq-adoq-igodaq
Pronunciation: agi-iki-abepu-aɾaɾo ade-oda.o-adikoga.o adi-adiqo-eti eto-abepu-ado-ikoda
Transcription: agi-iki-abepu-araro ade-odao-adikogao adi-adiqo-eti eto-abepu-ado-ikoda
Gloss: nothing-big-ness-subject exist-verb-past-evidental things-object-all-of cause-big-object-gerund-before
Translation: A great nothingness it seems existed in the days before the great cause of all things.
Aad-iod-oarar
Closed, afformative, suffixing, OVS
Transliteration 1: oqet-uqepap-oqat-aqotik iqat-oqiqat-iqet eqat-oqaqot-oqaqokikat iqaq-iqik-uqepap-oqatat
Transliteration 2: oqed-uqebab-oqad-aqodig iqad-oqiqad-iqed eqad-oqaqod-oqaqogigad iqaq-iqig-uqebab-oqadad
Pronunciation: o.et-u.epab-o.ad-a.odik i.ad-o.i.ad-i.et e.ad-o.a.od-o.a.ogikad i.ag-i.ik-u.epab-o.aɾaɾ
Transcription: oet-uepab-oad-aodik iad-oiad-iet ead-oaod-oaogikad iag-iik-uepab-oarar
Gloss: Cause-big-object-gerund-before things-object-all-of exist-verb-past-evidental nothing-big-ness-subject
Translation: Before the great origin of all things, there must have existed in those days a great nothingness.
Aad-iod-oarar
Closed, afformative, suffixing, SVO
Transliteration 1: iqak-iqik-uqepap-oqatat eqat-oqaqot-oqaqokikat iqat-oqiqat-iqet oqet-uqepap-oqat-aqotik
Transliteration 2: iqag-iqig-uqebab-oqadad eqad-oqaqod-oqaqogigad iqad-oqiqad-iqed oqed-uqebab-oqad-aqodig
Pronunciation: i.ag-i.ik-u.epab-o.aɾaɾ e.ad-o.a.od-o.a.ogikad i.ad-o.i.ad-i.et o.et-u.e.ab-o.ad-a.odik
Transcription: iag-iik-uepab-oarar ead-oaod-oaogikad iad-oiad-iet oet-uepab-oad-aodik
Gloss: nothing-big-ness-subject exist-verb-past-evidental things-object-all-of cause-big-object-gerund-before
Translation: A great nothingness it seems existed in the days before the great cause of all things.
Araro-ido-ada
Closed, preformative, prefixing, OVS
Transliteration 1: ikotaq-atoq-apepuq-etoq etiq-atiqoq-atiq atikokaqoq-otaqoq-ateq atatoq-epepuq-ikiq-akiq
Transliteration 2: igodaq-adoq-abebuq-edoq ediq-adiqoq-adiq adigogaqoq-odaqoq-adeq adadoq-ebebuq-igiq-agiq
Pronunciation: ikoda-ado-abepu-eto eti-adi.o-adi adikoga.o-oda.o-ade aɾaɾo-epebu-iki-agi
Transcription: ikoda-ado-abepu-eto eti-adio-adi adikogao-odao-ade araro-epebu-iki-agi
Gloss: before-gerund-object-big-cause of-all-things-object evidental-past-verb-exist subject-ness-big-none
Translation: Before the great origin of all things, there must have existed in those days a great nothingness.
Araro-odi-ada
Closed, preformative, prefixing, SVO
Transliteration 1: atatoq-epepuq-ikiq-akiq atikokaqoq-otaqoq-ateq etiq-atiqoq-atiq ikotaq-atoq-atepuq-etoq
Transliteration 2: adadoq-ebebuq-igiq-agiq adigogaqoq-odaqoq-adeq ediq-adiqoq-adiq igodaq-adoq-adepuq-edoq
Pronunciation: aɾaɾo-ebepu-iki-agi adikoga.o-oda.o-ade eti-adiqo-adi ikoda-ado-adepu-eto
Transcription: araro-ebepu-iki-agi adikogao-odao-ade eti-adiqo-adi ikoda-ado-adepu-eto
Gloss: subject-ness-big-none evidental-past-verb-exist of-all-things-object before-gerund-object-big-cause
Translation: A great nothingness it seems existed in the days before the great cause of all things.
Oarar-iod-aad
Closed, afformative, prefixing, OVS
Transliteration 1: aqotik-oqat-uqepap-oqet iqet-oqiqat-iqat oqaqokikat-oqaqot-eqat oqatat-uqepap-iqik-iqak
Transliteration 2: aqodig-oqad-uqebab-oqed iqed-oqiqad-iqad oqaqogigad-oqaqod-eqad oqadad-uqebab-iqig-iqag
Pronunciation: a.odik-o.ad-u.epab-o.et i.et-o.i.ad-i.ad o.a.ogikad-o.a.od-eqad o.aɾaɾ-u.epab-i.ik-i.ag
Transcription: aodik-oad-uepab-oet iet-oiad-iad oaogikad-oaod-eqad oarar-uepab-iik-iag
Gloss: before-gerund-object-big-cause of-all-things-object evidental-past-verb-exist subject-ness-big-none
Translation: Before the great origin of all things, there must have existed in those days a great nothingness.
Oarar-iod-aad
Closed, afformative, prefixing, SVO
Transliteration 1: oqatat-uqepab-iqik-iqag oqaqogikad-oqaqod-eqad iqed-oqiqad-iqad aqodik-oqad-uqepab-oqet
Transliteration 2: oqatat-uqepab-iqik-iqag oqaqogikad-oqaqod-eqad iqed-oqiqad-iqad aqodik-oqad-uqepab-oqet
Pronunciation: o.aɾaɾ-u.epab-i.ik-i.ag o.a.ogikad-o.a.od-e.ad i.et-o.i.ad-i.ad a.odik-o.ad-u.epab-o.et
Transcription: oarar-uepab-iik-iag oaogikad-oaod-ead iet-oiad-iad aodik-oad-uepab-oet
Gloss: subject-ness-big-none evidental-past-verb-exist of-all-things-object before-gerund-object-big-cause
Translation: A great nothingness it seems existed in the days before the great cause of all things.
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