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Drayadic Conjunction
Copyright © 2004-2021 C.E. by D. Jon Scott
Introduction
There are two primary forms of conjunction in the Drayadic language: conjunctive suffixes (or conjunctive cases) and particular conjunctions.
Conjunctive Cases
These declensions are applied either to the noun or the pronominal suffix of the verb, depending on whether the conjunction applies to the individual[s], or whether the conjunction applies to the action[s]. There is no conjunctive agreement between the agent of a verb and the verb’s pronominal suffix. If a pronoun is used to refer to a verb’s agent, and a conjunction is needed, the pronoun cannot simply be dropped, as it would be in most other cases, as inflecting the verb’s pronominal suffix with a conjunctive suffix would indicate that the conjunction applied to the verb rather than the pronoun.
Conjunctive suffixes should only be used when conjoining two nouns having the same relationship to a verb (e.g., “Jack and Jill went up the hill...”), two verbs having the same relationship to a noun (e.g., “Jack went up the hill and fetched a pail of water”), or both (e.g., “Jack and Jill went up the hill and fetched a pail of water”). Conventions for conjoining what might otherwise be separate sentences (e.g., “Jack went up the hill, and Jill fetched a pail of water”) are similar to the conventions used in English and most other languages. More specifically, the conjunctions used for this purpose are not conjunctive inflections, or any kind of inflection at all, but independent words — just as they are in English. These non-inflective conjunctions are not discussed in this section in any depth, but see particular conjunctions for more details.
Correlating conjunctive suffixes |
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Radilindmhei |
Both the light [and...] |
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Radilildlhei |
Either the light [or...] |
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Radilinglhei |
Neither the light [nor...] |
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Radililcmhei |
Whether the light [or...] |
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Radilingi |
Not the light [but...] |
Coordinating conjunctive suffixes |
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Radilintmhai |
And the light |
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Radililtlhai |
Or the light |
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Radilingai |
Nor the light |
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Radilintlhai |
But the light |
A correlating conjunctive suffix must always be placed on a word preceding a word inflected with a coordinating conjunctive suffix. For example, the form Dzaecillu Dzilillantmhai, literally, “Jack and Jill”, is completely unacceptable, while the form Dzaecillundmhei Dzilillantmhai, literally, “both Jack and Jill”, is the proper construction. Whenever two words are conjoined, each word must be inflected with a conjunctive suffix. It is important to stress that this applies only to correlating conjunctive suffixes and coordinating conjunctive suffixes, and not to subordinating conjunctive suffixes or particular conjunctions.
The same rules that apply to correlating conjunctive suffixes and coordinating conjunctive suffixes also apply to subordinating conjunctive suffixes, except that [1] subordinating conjunctive suffixes can only be applied to the pronominal suffixes of verbs, and [2] subordinating conjunctive suffixes are only applied to a single word.
Subordinating conjunctive suffixes |
Temporal subordinating conjunctive suffixes |
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Radelaaneniletsai |
Eft it shone; after it shone |
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Radelaaneniletsui |
Ere it shone; before it shone |
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Radelaaneniletsei |
Whilst it shone; whenas it shone |
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Radelaaneniletsii |
As it shone; while it shone |
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Radelaaneniletsai |
Eft it shone; after it shone |
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Radelaaneniletsaa |
Sith it shone; since it shone |
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Radelaaneniletsuu |
Till it shone; until it shone |
Causal subordinating conjunctive suffixes |
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Radelaaneniledlhia |
Because it shone |
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Radelaaneniledlhaa |
Sithence/sith/since it shone |
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Radelaaneniletsmhaa |
Now that it shone |
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Radelaaneniletsmhaa |
As/because it shone |
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Radelaanenilebhlhoa |
In order that it shone |
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Radelaanenilebhlhoi |
So [that] it shone |
Oppositional subordinating conjunctive suffixes |
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Radelaanenilenlha |
Although it shone |
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Radelaanenilenlhai |
Though it shone |
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Radelaanenilenlhae |
Even though it shone |
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Radelaanenilentlhai |
Whereas it shone |
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Radelaaneniletslhai |
While it shone |
Conditional subordinating conjunctive suffixes |
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Radelaanenilephai |
An it shone / if it shone |
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Radelaanenilengphai |
Unless it shone |
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Radelaanenilectmhai |
Whether or not it shone |
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Radelaanenilephlhai |
Even if it shone |
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Radelaanenilencmhai |
In case it shone |
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Radelaanenilephobaa |
Lest it shone; for fear that it shone |
Other conjunctive suffixes |
Aversive |
Radiniphobaa |
For fear of the light |
Causal |
Radinibaa |
Because of the light |
Purposive |
Radinibao |
For reason of the light |
Benefactive |
Radinibu |
For the light |
Particular Conjunctions
Conjunctions taking the form of individual word particles (rather than being appended to other words) were used for conjoining phrases that might have otherwise been able to function as two separate sentences. (E.g., “Jack went up the hill, and Jill fetched a pail of water”.)
Correlating conjunctions |
Coordinating conjunctions |
pmhoa / nmhaa |
Both / and |
nmhai or ntmhai |
And |
iltoa / ultaa |
Either / or |
ultai |
Or |
ngiltoa / ngultaa |
Neither / nor |
ngultai |
Nor |
mhiltoa / ultaa |
Whether / or |
ultai |
Or |
mhiltoa / ulngaa |
Whether / or not |
ulngai |
Or not |
ngiplhaa / ultmhaa |
Not only / but also |
ultlhai |
But |
Temporal subordinating conjunctions |
Causal subordinating conjunctions |
craa or tsai |
After / eft |
baa |
Because |
crua or tsui |
Before / ere |
blhaa |
Sithence / sith / since |
crea or tsei |
When / whenas |
tsmhaa |
Now that |
cria or tsii |
While / whenas / as |
bia |
As |
ndraa or tsaa |
(Ever) since |
bhoua |
Since / because |
ertua or tsuu |
Until |
bhoa |
So (that) / in order to |
Oppositional subordinating conjunctions |
Causal subordinating conjunctions |
ngoltaa |
Although |
phia |
If / an |
altaa |
Though |
ulniphaa |
Unless |
mhiltaa |
Even though |
phiplhia/phiplhaa |
Only if / if only |
mhaltaa |
Whereas |
mhiltulngaa |
Whether or not |
mhaltai |
While |
mhiphaa |
Even if |
|
|
nicmhaa |
In case |
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