Eukaryotes

Introduction

Animals

I. Eukaryotic Cell Structures

I.a. The Plasma Membrane

I.a. The Organelles

I.a-2.) The Plastid

I.a-2.) The Endoplasmic Reticulum

See “Mitochondrigeny”: The Origin & The Evolution of The Mitochondrion.

I.a-2.) The Flagellum

I.a-2.) The Golgi Apparatus

I.a-2.) The Mitochondrion

See “Mitochondrigeny”: The Origin & The Evolution of The Mitochondrion.

I.a-2.) The Ribosome

I.a-2.) The Peroxisome

I.a. The Nucleus

I.a-2.) The Nuclear Envelope

I.a-2.) The Nucleolus

I.a-2.) The Chromosomes

I.a-2.) Chromatid

I.a-2.) Sister Chromatids

I.a. The Cytosol

I.a-3.) The Cytoplasm

I.a-3.) The Cytoskeleton

II. Eukaryotic Cell Cycle

II.a. Gap 0 (G₀) phase: Quiescence

II.a. Intermitosis/Intermeiosis phase (Interphase)

II.a-1.) Interphase 1: Gap 1 (G₁) phase

II.a-2.) Interphase 2: Synthesis (S) phase

II.a-3.) Interphase 3: Gap 2 (G₂) phase

II.a. Mitotic (M) phase

Mitosis is not only the primary means of reproduction of unicellular eukaryotes, but also the primary means of growth (including the regrowth of damaged tissues) for the soma, or the somatic cells of multicellular organisms.

II.a-3.) Prophase

II.a-3.) Prometaphase

II.a-3.) Metaphase

II.a-3.) Anaphase

II.a-3.) Telophase

II.a. Meiosis I

II.a-3.) Prophase I

II.a-3.) Metaphase I

II.a-3.) Anaphase I

II.a-3.) Telophase I

II.a. Meiosis II

II.a-3.) Prophase II

II.a-3.) Metaphase II

II.a-3.) Anaphase II

II.a-3.) Telophase II

II.a. Cytokinesis