► D. J. Scott’s Artwork
► D. J. Scott’s Writing
► Fiction & Woldbuilding
► Speculative Fiction
► Phantasy
► Ancient Borea
Palæoboreanic LanguagesCopyright © 2004-2020 C.E. by Dustin Jon ScottOpen, preformative, suffixing, OVS: teqo-papequ-taqo-kitoqa taqi-taqiqo-teqi taqe-toqaqo-takikoqaqo kaqi-kiqi-papequ-tataqo Gloss: cause-big-object-gerund-before things-object-all-of exist-verb-past-evidental nothing-big-ness-subject Translation: Before the great origin of all things, there must have existed in those days a great nothingness. Open, preformative, suffixing, SVO: gaqi-kiqi-bapequ-tataqo daqe-doqaqo-dakigoqaqo daqi-daqiqo-deqi teqo-bapequ-daqo-kidoqa Gloss: nothing-big-ness-subject exist-verb-past-evidental things-object-all-of cause-big-object-gerund-before Translation: A great nothingness it seems existed in the days before the great cause of all things. Open, afformative, suffixing, OVS: qote-qupeba-qoda-qadoki qida-qoqida-qide qeda-qoqado-qoqagokida qiga-qiki-qupeba-qotata Gloss: Cause-big-object-gerund-before things-object-all-of exist-verb-past-evidental nothing-big-ness-subject Translation: Before the great origin of all things, there must have existed in those days a great nothingness. Open, afformative, suffixing, SVO: qiga-qiki-qupeba-qotata qeda-qoqado-qoqagokida qida-qoqida-qide qote-qupeba-qoda-qadoki Gloss: nothing-big-ness-subject exist-verb-past-evidental things-object-all-of cause-big-object-gerund-before Translation: A great nothingness it seems existed in the days before the great cause of all things. Open, preformative, prefixing, OVS: kidoqa-daqo-bapequ-teqo deqi-daqiqo-daqi dakigoqaqo-doqaqo-daqe tataqo-bepequ-kiqi-gaqi Gloss: before-gerund-object-big-cause of-all-things-object evidental-past-verb-exist subject-ness-big-none Translation: Before the great origin of all things, there must have existed in those days a great nothingness. Open, preformative, prefixing, SVO: tataqo-bepequ-kiqi-gaqi dakigoqaqo-doqaqo-daqe deqi-daqiqo-daqi kidoqa-daqo-bapequ-teqo Gloss: subject-ness-big-none evidental-past-verb-exist of-all-things-object before-gerund-object-big-cause Translation: A great nothingness it seems existed in the days before the great cause of all things. Open, afformative, prefixing, OVS: qadoki-qoda-qupeba-qote qide-qoqida-qida qoqagokida-qoqado-qeda qotata-qupeba-qiki-qiga Gloss: before-gerund-object-big-cause of-all-things-object evidental-past-verb-exist subject-ness-big-none Translation: Before the great origin of all things, there must have existed in those days a great nothingness. Open, afformative, prefixing, SVO: qotata-qupeba-qiki-qiga qoqagokida-qoqado-qeda qide-qoqida-qida qadoki-qoda-qupeba-qote Gloss: subject-ness-big-none evidental-past-verb-exist of-all-things-object before-gerund-object-big-cause Translation: A great nothingness it seems existed in the days before the great cause of all things. Back-Vowel VoicingThis refers to a change that occured in numerous dialects of various morphologies. In some dialects, consonants adjascent to back vowels (a, u, o) were voiced. In other dialects, consonants adjascent to rounded vowels (y, u, o) were voiced. Variant Group A: Onset Voicing in Open DialectsIn open dialects, the onsets of syllables with back vowels were voiced.
Da’a-do’i-rara’o |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
b > m /_[a] p > b /_[e] p > ɸ /_[y] b > β /_[u] b > w /_[o] |
d > n /_[a] t > d /_[e] t > s /_[y] n > z /_[u] n > ɹ /_[o] ɾ > ɾ /_[vowel]_[same vowel] |
g > ŋ /_[a] k > g /_[e] k > x /_[y] g > ɣ /_[u] g > ʎ /_[o] |
Na’a-ro’i-rara’o
Open, preformative, suffixing, OVS
Transliteration 1: teqo-papequ-taqo-kitoqa taqi-taqiqo-teqi taqe-toqaqo-takikoqaqo kaqi-kiqi-papequ-tataqo
Transliteration 2: deqo-babequ-daqo-gidoqa daqi-daqiqo-deqi daqe-doqaqo-dagigoqaqo gaqi-giqi-babequ-dadaqo
Pronunciation: dĕ.o-mabĕ.u-nă.o-kiɹŏ.a nă.i-nă.ĭ.o-bĕ.i nă.e-ɹŏ.ă.o-nakiʎŏ.ă.o-ŋă.i-kĭ.i-mabĕ.u-ɾăɾă.o
Transcription: de’o-mabe’u-na’o-kiro’a na’i-na’i’o-de’i na’e-do’a’o-nakijo’a’o-ŋa’i-ki’i-mabe’u-rara’o
Gloss: cause-big-object-gerund-before things-object-all-of exist-verb-past-evidental nothing-big-ness-subject
Translation: Before the great origin of all things, there must have existed in those days a great nothingness.
Na’a-ro’i-rara’o
Open, preformative, suffixing, SVO
Transliteration 1: kaqi-kiqi-papequ-tataqo taqe-toqaqo-takikoqaqo taqi-taqiqo-teqi teqo-papequ-taqo-kitoqa
Transliteration 2: gaqi-giqi-babequ-dadaqo daqe-doqaqo-dagigoqaqo daqi-daqiqo-deqi deqo-babequ-daqo-gidoqa
Pronunciation: ŋa.i-ki.i-mabe.u-ɾaɾa.o na.e-ɹo.a.o-nakiʎo.a.o na.i-na.i.o-de.i de.o-mabe.u-na.o-kiɹo.a
Transcription: ŋa’i-ki’i-mabe’u-rara’o na’e-ro’a’o-nakijo’a’o na’i-na’i’o-de’i de’o-mabe’u-na’o-kiro’a
Gloss: nothing-big-ness-subject exist-verb-past-evidental things-object-all-of cause-big-object-gerund-before
Translation: A great nothingness it seems existed in the days before the great cause of all things.
’Ana-’iro-’orara
Open, afformative, suffixing, OVS
Transliteration 1: qote-qupepa-qota-qatoki qita-qoqita-qite qeta-qoqato-qoqakokita qika-qiki-qupepa-qotata
Transliteration 2: qode-qubeba-qoda-qadogi qida-qoqida-qide qeda-qoqado-qoqagogida qiga-qigi-qubeba-qodada
Pronunciation: ode-ubema-ona-aɹoki ina-o.ina-ide ena-o.aɹo-o.aʎokina iŋa-iki-ubema-oɾaɾa
Transcription: ’ode-’ubema-’ona-’aroki ’ina-’o’ina-’ide ’ena-’o’aro-’o’aʎokina ’iŋa-’iki-’ubema-’orara
Gloss: Cause-big-object-gerund-before things-object-all-of exist-verb-past-evidental nothing-big-ness-subject
Translation: Before the great origin of all things, there must have existed in those days a great nothingness.
’Ana-’iro-’orara
Open, afformative, suffixing, SVO
Transliteration 1: qika-qiki-qupepa-qotata qeta-qoqato-qoqakokita qita-qoqita-qite qote-qupepa-qota-qatoki
Transliteration 2: qiga-qigi-qubeba-qodada qeda-qoqado-qoqagogida qida-qoqida-qide qode-qubeba-qoda-qadogi
Pronunciation: iŋa-iki-ubema-oɾaɾa ena-o.aɹo-o.aʎokina ina-o.ina-ide ode-ubema-oda-aɹoki
Transcription: ’iŋa-’iki-’ubema-’orara ’ena-’o’aro-’o’ajokina ’ina-’o’ina-’ide ’ode-’ubema-’ona-’aroki
Gloss: nothing-big-ness-subject exist-verb-past-evidental things-object-all-of cause-big-object-gerund-before
Translation: A great nothingness it seems existed in the days before the great cause of all things.
Rara’o-ro’i-na’a
Open, preformative, prefixing, OVS
Transliteration 1: kitoqa-taqo-papequ-teqo teqi-taqiqo-taqi takikoqaqo-toqaqo-taqe tataqo-pepequ-kiqi-kaqi
Transliteration 2: gidoqa-daqo-babequ-deqo deqi-daqiqo-daqi dagigoqaqo-doqaqo-daqe dadaqo-bebequ-giqi-gaqi
Pronunciation: kiɹo.a-na.o-mabe.u-de.o de.i-na.i.o-da.i nakiʎo.a.o-ɹ'o.a.o-na.e ɾaɾaɦo-bebeɦu-ki.i-ŋa.i
Transcription: kiro’a-na’o-mabe’u-de’o de’i-na’i’o-na’i nakijo’a’o-ro’a’o-na’e rara’o-mabe’u-ki’i-ŋa’i
Gloss: before-gerund-object-big-cause of-all-things-object evidental-past-verb-exist subject-ness-big-none
Translation: Before the great origin of all things, there must have existed in those days a great nothingness.
Rara’o-ro’i-na’a
Open, preformative, prefixing, SVO
Transliteration 1: tataqo-pepequ-kiqi-kaqi takikoqaqo-toqaqo-taqe teqi-taqiqo-taqi kitoqa-taqo-papequ-teqo
Transliteration 2: dadaqo-bebequ-giqi-gaqi dagigoqaqo-doqaqo-daqe deqi-daqiqo-daqi gidoqa-daqo-babequ-deqo
Pronunciation: ɾaɾa.o-mabe.u-ki.i-ŋa.i nakiʎo.a.o-ɹo.a.o-na.e de.i-na.i.o-naʔi kiʎo.a-na.o-mabe.u-de.o
Transcription: rara’o-mabe’u-ki’i-ŋa’i nakijo’a’o-ro’a’o-da’e de’i-da’i’o-da’i kido’a-da’o-bape’u-te’o
Gloss: subject-ness-big-none evidental-past-verb-exist of-all-things-object before-gerund-object-big-cause
Translation: A great nothingness it seems existed in the days before the great cause of all things.
’Orara-’iro-’ana
Open, afformative, prefixing, OVS
Transliteration 1: qatoki-qota-qupepa-qote qite-qoqita-qita qoqakokita-qoqato-qeta qotata-qupepa-qiki-qika
Transliteration 2: qadogi-qoda-qubeba-qode qide-qoqida-qida qoqagogida-qoqado-qeda qodada-qubeba-qigi-qiga
Pronunciation: aɹoki-ona-ubema-ode ide-o.ina-ina o.aɹokina-o.aɹo-ena oɾaɾa-ubema-iki-iŋa
Transcription: ’aroki-’ona-’ubema-’ode ’ide-’oʔina-’ina ’o’ajokina-’o’aro-’ena ’orara-’ubema-’iki-’iŋa
Gloss: before-gerund-object-big-cause of-all-things-object evidental-past-verb-exist subject-ness-big-none
Translation: Before the great origin of all things, there must have existed in those days a great nothingness.
’Orara-’iro-’ana
Open, afformative, prefixing, SVO
Transliteration 1: qotata-qupepa-qiki-qika qoqakokita-qoqato-qeta qite-qoqita-qita qatoki-qota-qupepa-qote
Transliteration 2: qodada-qubeba-qigi-qiga qoqagogida-qoqado-qeda qide-qoqida-qida qadogi-qoda-qubeba-qode
Pronunciation: oɾaɾa-ubema-iki-iŋa o.aʎokina-o.aɹo-ena ide-o.ina-ina aɹoki-ona-ubema-ode
Transcription: ’orara-’ubema-’iki-’iŋa ’o’ajokina-’o’aro-’ena ’ide-’o’ina-’ina ’aroki-’ona-’ubema-’ode
Gloss: subject-ness-big-none evidental-past-verb-exist of-all-things-object before-gerund-object-big-cause
Translation: A great nothingness it seems existed in the days before the great cause of all things.
Back-Vowel Voicing
+ Glottal Deconsonantalization
+ Further Lenition
+ Synalœpha
Variant I: ?
This change was only possible for open suffixing dialects and closed prefixing dialects.
|
a.a > a: /C_ a.e > aɛ /C_ a.i > aɪ /C_ a.y > aʏ /C_ a.u > aʊ /C_ a.o > aɔ /C_ |
e.a > ɛa /C_ e.e > e: /C_ pe.i > ɛɪ /C_ e.y > ɛʏ /C_ e.u > ɛʊ /C_ e.o > ɛɔ /C_ |
i.a > ɪa /C_ i.e > ɪɛ /C_ i.i > i: /C_ i.y > ɪʏ /C_ i.u > ɪʊ /C_ i.o > ɪɔ /C_ |
|
y.a > ʏa /C_ y.e > ʏɛ /C_ y.i > ʏɪ /C_ y.y > y: /C_ y.u > ʏʊ /C_ y.o > ʏɔ /C_ |
u.a > ʊa /C_ u.e > ʊɛ /C_ u.i > ʊɪ /C_ u.y > ʊʏ /C_ u.u > u: /C_ u.o > ʊɔ /C_ |
o.a > ɔa /C_ o.e > ɔɛ /C_ o.i > ɔɪ /C_ o.y > ɔʏ /C_ o.u > ɔʊ /C_ o.o > o: |
Sample: dɛɔ-mabɛʊ-naɔ-kirɔa naɪ-naɪ.o-dɛi naɛ-ɹɔa.o-nakiʎɔa.o-ŋa-ɪki:-mabɛʊ-ɾăɾaɔ
ɪaNaa-roi-rarao
Open, preformative, suffixing, OVS
Transliteration 1: teo-papeu-tao-kitoa tai-taio-tei tae-toao-takikoao kai-kii-papeu-tatao
Transliteration 2: deo-babeu-dao-gidoa dai-daio-dei dae-doao-dagigoao gai-gii-babeu-dadao
Pronunciation: dɛɔ-mabɛʊ-naɔ-kirɔa naɪ-naɪ.o-dɛɪ naɛ-ɹɔa.o-nakiʎɔa.o ŋaɪ-ki:-mabɛʊ-ɾăɾaɔ
Transcription: deo-mabeu-nao-kiroa nai-naio-dei nae-roao-nakijoao-ŋai-kii-mabeu-rarao
Gloss: cause-big-object-gerund-before things-object-all-of exist-verb-past-evidental nothing-big-ness-subject
Translation: Before the great origin of all things, there must have existed in those days a great nothingness.
Naa-roi-rarao
Open, preformative, suffixing, SVO
Transliteration 1: kai-kii-papeu-tatao tae-toao-takikoao tai-taio-tei teo-papeu-tao-kitoa
Transliteration 2: gai-gii-babeu-dadao dae-doao-dagigoao dai-daio-dei deo-babeu-dao-gidoa
Pronunciation: ŋaɪ-kɪ:-mabɛʊ-ɾaɾaɔ naɛ-rɔa.o-nakiʎɔa.o naɪ-naɪ.o-dɛɪ dɛɔ-mabɛʊ-naɔ-kirɔa
Transcription: ŋai-kii-mabeu-rarao nae-roao-nakijoao nai-naio-dei deo-mabeu-nao-kiroa
Gloss: nothing-big-ness-subject exist-verb-past-evidental things-object-all-of cause-big-object-gerund-before
Translation: A great nothingness it seems existed in the days before the great cause of all things.
Ana-iro-orara
Open, afformative, suffixing, OVS
Transliteration 1: ote-upepa-ota-atoki ita-oita-ite eta-oato-oakokita ika-iki-upepa-otata
Transliteration 2: ode-ubeba-oda-adogi ida-oida-ide eda-oado-oagogida iga-igi-ubeba-odada
Pronunciation: ode-ubema-ona-aroki ina-oina-ide ena-ɔaro-ɔaʎokina iŋa-iki-ubema-oɾaɾa
Transcription: ode-ubema-ona-aroki ina-oina-ide ena-oaro-oajokina iŋa-iki-ubema-orara
Gloss: Cause-big-object-gerund-before things-object-all-of exist-verb-past-evidental nothing-big-ness-subject
Translation: Before the great origin of all things, there must have existed in those days a great nothingness.
Ana-iro-orara
Open, afformative, suffixing, SVO
Transliteration 1: ika-iki-upepa-otata eta-oato-oakokita ita-oita-ite ote-upepa-ota-atoki
Transliteration 2: iga-igi-ubeba-odada eda-oado-oagogida ida-oida-ide ode-ubeba-oda-adogi
Pronunciation: iŋa-iki-ubema-oɾaɾa ena-ɔaro-ɔaʎokina ina-oina-ide ode-ubema-ona-aroki
Transcription: iŋa-iki-ubema-orara ena-oaro-oajokina ina-oina-ide ode-ubema-ona-aroki
Gloss: nothing-big-ness-subject exist-verb-past-evidental things-object-all-of cause-big-object-gerund-before
Translation: A great nothingness it seems existed in the days before the great cause of all things.
Rarao-roi-naa
Open, preformative, prefixing, OVS
Transliteration 1: kitoa-tao-papeu-teo tei-taio-tai takikoao-toao-tae tatao-pepeu-kii-kai
Transliteration 2: gidoa-dao-babeu-deo dei-daio-dai dagigoao-doao-dae dadao-bebeu-gii-gai
Pronunciation: kiɹɔa-naɔ-mabɛʊ-dɛɔ dɛɪ-naɪ.o-naɪ nakiʎɔa.o-rɔa.o-naɛ ɾaɾaɔ-mabɛʊ-kɪ:-ŋaɪ
Transcription: kiroa-nao-mabeu-deo dei-naio-nai nakijoao-roao-nae rarao-mabeu-kii-ŋai
Gloss: before-gerund-object-big-cause of-all-things-object evidental-past-verb-exist subject-ness-big-none
Translation: Before the great origin of all things, there must have existed in those days a great nothingness.
Rarao-roi-naa
Open, preformative, prefixing, SVO
Transliteration 1: tatao-pepeu-kii-kai takikoao-toao-tae tei-taio-tai kitoa-tao-papeu-teo
Transliteration 2: dadao-bebeu-gii-gai dagigoao-doao-dae dei-daio-dai gidoa-dao-babeu-deo
Pronunciation: ɾaɾaɔ-mabɛʊ-kɪ:-ŋaɪ dakiʎɔa.o-rɔa.o-naɛ dɛɪ-naɪ.o-naɪ kirɔa-naɔ-mabɛʊ-dɛɔ
Transcription: rarao-mabeu-kii-ŋai nakijoao-roao-dae dei-daio-dai kidoa-dao-bapeu-teo
Gloss: subject-ness-big-none evidental-past-verb-exist of-all-things-object before-gerund-object-big-cause
Translation: A great nothingness it seems existed in the days before the great cause of all things.
Orara-iro-ana
Open, afformative, prefixing, OVS
Transliteration 1: atoki-ota-upepa-ote ite-oita-ita oakokita-oato-eta otata-upepa-iki-ika
Transliteration 2: adogi-oda-ubeba-ode ide-oida-ida oagogida-oado-eda odada-ubeba-igi-iga
Pronunciation: aroki-ona-ubema-ode ide-oina-ina ɔaʎokina-ɔaro-ena oɾaɾa-ubema-iki-iŋa
Transcription: aroki-ona-ubema-ode ide-oina-ina oajokina-oaro-ena orara-ubema-iki-iŋa
Gloss: before-gerund-object-big-cause of-all-things-object evidental-past-verb-exist subject-ness-big-none
Translation: Before the great origin of all things, there must have existed in those days a great nothingness.
Orara-iro-ana
Open, afformative, prefixing, SVO
Transliteration 1: otata-upepa-iki-ika oakokita-oato-eta ite-oita-ita atoki-ota-upepa-ote
Transliteration 2: odada-ubeba-igi-iga oagogida-oado-eda ide-oida-ida adogi-oda-ubeba-ode
Pronunciation: oɾaɾa-ubema-iki-iŋa ɔaʎokina-ɔaro-ena ide-oina-ina aroki-ona-ubema-ode
Transcription: orara-ubema-iki-iŋa oajokina-oaro-na ide-oina-ina aroki-ona-ubema-ode
Gloss: subject-ness-big-none evidental-past-verb-exist of-all-things-object before-gerund-object-big-cause
Translation: A great nothingness it seems existed in the days before the great cause of all things.
Variant II: ?
This change was only possible for open suffixing dialects and closed prefixing dialects.
|
a.a > a: /_C a.e > aɛ /_C a.i > aɪ /_C a.y > aʏ /_C a.u > aʊ /_C a.o > aɔ /_C |
e.a > ɛa /_C e.e > e: /_C pe.i > ɛɪ /_C e.y > ɛʏ /_C e.u > ɛʊ /_C e.o > ɛɔ /_C |
i.a > ɪa /_C i.e > ɪɛ /_C i.i > i: /_C i.y > ɪʏ /_C i.u > ɪʊ /_C i.o > ɪɔ /_C |
|
y.a > ʏa /_C y.e > ʏɛ /_C y.i > ʏɪ /_C y.y > y: /_C y.u > ʏʊ /_C y.o > ʏɔ /_C |
u.a > ʊa /_C u.e > ʊɛ /_C u.i > ʊɪ /_C u.y > ʊʏ /_C u.u > u: /_C u.o > ʊɔ /_C |
o.a > ɔa /_C o.e > ɔɛ /_C o.i > ɔɪ /_C o.y > ɔʏ /_C o.u > ɔʊ /_C o.o > o: |
Ana-ori-araro
Formerly-closed, preformative, suffixing, OVS
Transliteration 1: eto-apepu-ato-ikota ati-atio-eti ate-otao-atikokao ati-iki-apepu-atato
Transliteration 2: edo-abebu-ado-igoda adi-adio-edi ade-odao-adigogao agi-igi-abebu-adado
Pronunciation: edo-amebu-ano-ikoɹa ani-anio-edi ane-oɹaɔ-anikoʎaɔ-aŋi-iki-amebu-aɾaɾo
Transcription: edo-amebu-ano-ikora ani-anio-edi ane-orao-anikojao aŋi-iki-amebu-araro
Gloss: cause-big-object-gerund-before things-object-all-of exist-verb-past-evidental nothing-big-ness-subject
Translation: Before the great origin of all things, there must have existed in those days a great nothingness.
Ana-ori-araro
Formerly-closed, preformative, suffixing, SVO
Transliteration 1: aki-iki-apepu-atato ate-otao-atikokao ati-atio-eti eto-apepu-ato-ikota
Transliteration 2: agi-igi-abebu-adado ade-odao-adigogao adi-adio-edi edo-abebu-ado-igoda
Pronunciation: aŋi-iki-amebu-aɾaɾo ane-oɹaɔ-anikoʎaɔ ani-anio-edi edo-amebu-ano-ikoɹa
Transcription: aŋi-iki-amebu-araro ane-oɹao-anikojao ani-anio-edi edo-amebu-ano-ikora
Gloss: nothing-big-ness-subject exist-verb-past-evidental things-object-all-of cause-big-object-gerund-before
Translation: A great nothingness it seems existed in the days before the great cause of all things.
Back-Vowel Voicing
+ Glottal Deconsonantalization
+ Further Lenition
+ Consonantal Vowel Deletion
This refers to a change that occured in numerous dialects of various morphologies. In some dialects, consonants adjascent to back vowels (a, u, o) were voiced. In other dialects, consonants adjascent to rounded vowels (y, u, o) were voiced.
Variant Group A: Onset Voicing in Open Dialects
In open dialects, the onsets of syllables with back vowels were voiced.
|
ba > ma > m pe > be > b pi > pi > p py > ɸy > ɸ bu > βu > β bo > wo > w |
da > na > n te > de > d ti > ti > t ty > sy > s du > zu > z do > ɹo > ɹ tata > ɾaɾa > l |
ga > ŋa > ŋ ke > ge > g ki > ki > k ky > xy > x gu > ɣu > ɣ go > ʎo > ʎ |
Na-ri-lo
Open, preformative, suffixing, OVS
Transliteration 1: do-mbu-no-kra ni-nio-di ne-rao-nkjao ŋi-ki-mbu-rro
Pronunciation: do-mbu-no-kɹa ni-ni.o-di ne-ɹa.o-nkʎa.o-ŋi-ki-mbu-lo
Transcription: do-mbu-no-kra ni-nio-di ne-rao-nkyao ngi-ki-mbu-lo
Gloss: cause-big-object-gerund-before things-object-all-of exist-verb-past-evidental nothing-big-ness-subject
Translation: Before the great origin of all things, there must have existed in those days a great nothingness.
Na-ri-lo
Open, preformative, suffixing, SVO
Transliteration 1: ŋi-ki-mbu-rro ne-rao-nkjao ni-nio-di do-mbu-no-kra
Pronunciation: ŋi-ki-mbu-lo ne-ɹa.o-nkʎa.o ni-ni.o-di do-mbu-no-kɹa
Transcription: ngi-ki-mbu-lo ne-rao-nkyao ni-nio-di do-mbu-no-kra
Gloss: nothing-big-ness-subject exist-verb-past-evidental things-object-all-of cause-big-object-gerund-before
Translation: A great nothingness it seems existed in the days before the great cause of all things.
An-ir-ol
Formerly-open, afformative, suffixing, OVS
Transliteration 1: od-ubm-on-ark in-oin-id en-oar-oajkn iŋ-ik-ubm-orr
Pronunciation: od-ubm-on-aɹk in-o.in-id en-o.aɹ-o.aʎkn iŋ-ik-ubm-ol
Transcription: od-ubm-on-ark in-o.in-id en-oar-oaykn ing-ik-ubm-ol
Gloss: Cause-big-object-gerund-before things-object-all-of exist-verb-past-evidental nothing-big-ness-subject
Translation: Before the great origin of all things, there must have existed in those days a great nothingness.
An-ir-ol
Formerly-open, afformative, suffixing, SVO
Transliteration 1: iŋ-ik-ubm-orr en-oar-oajkn in-oin-id en od-ubm-on-ark
Pronunciation: iŋ-ik-ubm-ol en-o.aɹ-o.aʎkn in-o.in-id od-ubm-on-aɹk
Transcription: ing-ik-ubm-ol en-oar-oaykn in-o.in-id od-ubm-on-ark
Gloss: nothing-big-ness-subject exist-verb-past-evidental things-object-all-of cause-big-object-gerund-before
Translation: A great nothingness it seems existed in the days before the great cause of all things.
Lo-ri-na
Open, preformative, prefixing, OVS
Transliteration 1: kra-no-mbu-do di-nio-ni nkjao-rao-ne rro-mbu-ki-ŋi
Pronunciation: kɹa-no-mbu-do di-ni.o-di nkʎa.o-ɹa.o-ne lo-mbu-ki-ŋi
Transcription: kra-no-mbu-do di-nio-ni nkjao-rao-ne lo-mbu-ki-ngi
Gloss: before-gerund-object-big-cause of-all-things-object evidental-past-verb-exist subject-ness-big-none
Translation: Before the great origin of all things, there must have existed in those days a great nothingness.
Lo-ri-na
Open, preformative, prefixing, SVO
Transliteration 1: rro-mbu-ki-ŋi nkjao-rao-ne di-nio-ni kra-no-mbu-do
Pronunciation: lo-mbu-ki-ŋi nkʎa.o-ɹa.o-ne di-ni.o-ni kɹa-no-mbu-do
Transcription: lo-mbu-ki-ngi nkyao-rao-ne di-nio-ni kra-no-mbu-do
Gloss: subject-ness-big-none evidental-past-verb-exist of-all-things-object before-gerund-object-big-cause
Translation: A great nothingness it seems existed in the days before the great cause of all things.
Ol-ir-an
Formerly-open, afformative, prefixing, OVS
Transliteration 1: ark-on-ubm-od id-oin-in oajkn-oar-en orr-ubm-ik-iŋ
Pronunciation: aɹk-on-ubm-od id-o.in-in o.aɹkn-o.aɹ-en ol-ubm-ik-iŋ
Transcription: ark-on-ubm-od id-oin-in oajkn-oar-en ol-ubm-ik-ing
Gloss: before-gerund-object-big-cause of-all-things-object evidental-past-verb-exist subject-ness-big-none
Translation: Before the great origin of all things, there must have existed in those days a great nothingness.
Ol-ir-an
Formerly-open, afformative, prefixing, SVO
Transliteration 1: orr-ubm-ik-iŋ oajkn-oar-en id-oin-in ark-on-ubm-od
Pronunciation: ol-ubm-ik-iŋ o.aɹkn-o.aɹ-en id-o.in-in aɹk-on-ubm-od
Transcription: ol-ubm-ik-ing oaykn-oar-en id-oin-in ark-on-ubm-od
Gloss: subject-ness-big-none evidental-past-verb-exist of-all-things-object before-gerund-object-big-cause
Translation: A great nothingness it seems existed in the days before the great cause of all things.
Variant Group B: Codal Voicing in Closed Dialects
In closed dialects, the codas of syllables with back vowels were voiced.
|
ab > am > m ep > eb > b ip > ip > p yp > yɸ > ɸ ub > uβ > β ob > ow > w |
ad > an > n et > de > d it > ti > t yt > sy > s ud > zu > z od > oɹ > ɹ atat > aɾaɾ > rr |
ag > aŋ > ŋ ek > eg > g ik > ik > k yk > yx > x ug > uɣ > ɣ og > oʎ > ʎ |
Na-ri-rro
Formerly-closed, preformative, suffixing, OVS
Transliteration 1: do-mbu-no-kra ni-nio-di ne-rao-nkjao ŋi-ki-mbu-rro
Pronunciation: do-mbu-no-kɹa ni-ni.o-di ne-ɹa.o-nkʎa.o-ŋi-ki-mbu-ɾɾo
Transcription: do-mbu-no-kra ni-nio-di ne-rao-nkyao ngi-ki-mbu-rro
Gloss: cause-big-object-gerund-before things-object-all-of exist-verb-past-evidental nothing-big-ness-subject
Translation: Before the great origin of all things, there must have existed in those days a great nothingness.
Na-ri-rro
Formerly-closed, preformative, suffixing, SVO
Transliteration 1: ŋi-ki-mbu-rro ne-rao-nkjao ni-nio-di do-mbu-no-kra
Pronunciation: ŋi-ki-mbu-ɾɾo ne-ɹa.o-nkʎa.o ni-ni.o-di do-mbu-no-kɹa
Transcription: ngi-ki-mbu-rro ne-rao-nkyao ni-nio-di do-mbu-no-kra
Gloss: nothing-big-ness-subject exist-verb-past-evidental things-object-all-of cause-big-object-gerund-before
Translation: A great nothingness it seems existed in the days before the great cause of all things.
Sound change 2: The Great Vowel Deletion
Sound change 2 with orthographical change 1
ba(q) or pa(q) = /ma/ > ppp = /m/
be(q) or pe(q) = /be/ > pp = /b/
bi(q) or pi(q) = /ɸi/ > qp = /ɸ/
by(q) or py(q) = /py/ > p = /p/
bu(q) or pu(q) = /βu/ > qpp = /β/
bo(q) or po(q) = /wo/ > qppp = /w/
da(q) or ta(q) = /na/ > ttt = /n/
de(q) or te(q) = /de/ > tt = /d/
di(q) or ti(q) = /si/ > qt = /s/
dy(q) or ty(q) = /ty/ > t = /t/
du(q) or tu(q) = /zu/ > qtt = /z/
do(q) or to(q) = /ro/ > qttt = /r/
dada(q) or tata(q) = /la/ > tttttt /l/
dede(q) or tete(q) = /ðe/ > ? /ð/
didi(q) or titi(q) = /ʃi/ > ? /ʃ/
dydy(q) or tyty(q) = /θy/ > ? /θ/
dudu(q) or tutu(q) = /ʒu/ > ? /ʒ/
dodo(q) or toto(q) = /rho/ > ???
ga(q) or ka(q) = /ŋa/ > kkk /ŋ/
ge(q) or ke(q) = /ge/ > kk /g/
gi(q) or ki(q) = /xi/ > qk /x/
gy(q) or ky(q) = /ky/ > k /k/
gu(q) or ku(q) = /ɣu/ > qkk /ɣ/
go(q) or ko(q) = /jo/ > qkkk /j/
New version: Ttoppppputttokqttta tttitttiotti ttteqtttaotttkqkkkao Kkkikippppputttttto. Kkkikitttopppqpppi ttttttatettttttaotttkqkkkao kkkikipppppupitttttto; pitttio kitttattttttaotttkqkkku kkkikipppppupitttttto. Qppqtttikkttti, ttteqtttiokkkue ttttttatikitttttto. Qtttoettaeqtttootttkqkkka tttittttttiottttta taokaeqtttotttkqkkkue tttittttttiotttta. Kitttikipitttotti taakaeqtttaotttkqkkkaa ttttttatikitttttto. Qtttautteqtttaotttkqkkkaa pppaeqtikitttttto. Pppaeqtikititttppppi ttteqtttiotttue tttittttttio.
Sound change 2 with orthographical change 2
Orthographical change 2 is separate and distinct from orthographical change 1. Orthrographical change 2 does not follow sequentially or build upon orthographical change 1.
ba(q) or pa(q) = /ma/ > m = /m/
be(q) or pe(q) = /be/ > ph = /b/
bi(q) or pi(q) = /ɸi/ > pp = /ɸ/
by(q) or py(q) = /py/ > p = /p/
bu(q) or pu(q) = /βu/ > phph = /β/
bo(q) or po(q) = /wo/ > mh = /w/
da(q) or ta(q) = /na/ > n = /n/
de(q) or te(q) = /de/ > th = /d/
di(q) or ti(q) = /si/ > tt = /s/
dy(q) or ty(q) = /ty/ > t = /t/
du(q) or tu(q) = /zu/ > thth = /z/
do(q) or to(q) = /ro/ > nh = /r/
dada(q) or tata(q) = /la/ > nn /l/
dede(q) or tete(q) = /ðe/ > ? /ð/
didi(q) or titi(q) = /ʃi/ > ? /ʃ/
dydy(q) or tyty(q) = /θy/ > ? /θ/
dudu(q) or tutu(q) = /ʒu/ > ? /ʒ/
dodo(q) or toto(q) = /rho/ > ???
ga(q) or ka(q) = /ŋa/ > ŋ /ŋ/
ge(q) or ke(q) = /ge/ > kh /g/
gi(q) or ki(q) = /xi/ > kk /x/
gy(q) or ky(q) = /ky/ > k /k/
gu(q) or ku(q) = /ɣu/ > khkh /ɣ/
go(q) or ko(q) = /jo/ > ŋh /j/
New version: Thomphunoknha niniothi nenhaonkŋhao Ŋikimphunno. Ŋikinommhi nnatennaonkŋhao ŋikimphupinno; pinio kinannaonkŋhu ŋikimphupinno. Phphŋhikhni, nenhioŋue nnatikinno. Nhoedaenhoonkŋha ninniontha taokaenhonkŋhue ninnionta. Kinikipinothi taakaenhaonkŋhaa nnatikinno. Nhaudenhaonkŋhaa maettikinno. Maettikitinmpi nenhionue ninnio.
Sound change 2 with orthographical change 3
Orthographical change 3 follows sequentially from and builds upon orthographical change 2.
m = /m/
ph = /b/ > b = /b/
pp = /ɸ/ > ph = /ɸ/
p = /p/
phph = /β/ > bh = /β/
mh = /w/ > mh /w/
n = /n/
th = /d/ > d = /d/
tt = /s/ > s = /s/
t = /t/
thth = /z/ > z = /z/
nh = /r/
nn /l/ > = l /l/
? /ð/ > dh = /ð/
? /ʃ/ > sh /ʃ/
? /θ/ > th = /θ/
? /ʒ/ > zh = /ʒ/
???
ŋ /ŋ/
kh = /g/ > g = /g/
kk = /x/ > kh = /x/
k = /k/
khkh = /ɣ/ > gh /ɣ/
ŋh = /j/ > lh = /j/
Newer version: Dombunoknha niniodi nenhaonklhao-Ŋikimbulo. Ŋikinommhi latelaonklhao-Ŋikimbupilo; pinio kinalaonklhu-ŋikimbupilo. Bhlhigni, nenhioŋue-latikilo. Nhoedaenhoonklhoa-nilionda taokaenhoonklhue-nilionta. Kinikipinodi taakaenhaonklhaa-latikilo. Nhaudenhaonklhaa-maesikilo. Maesikitinompi nenhionue-nilio.
Sound change 2 with orthographical change 4
Orthographical change 4 follows sequentially from and builds upon orthographical change 3.
m = /m/
b = /b/
ph = /ɸ/ > f = /ɸ/
p = /p/
bh = /β/ > v = /β/
mh /w/ > w /w/
n = /n/
d = /d/
s = /s/
t = /t/
z = /z/
nh = /r/ > r = /r/
l /l/
dh = /ð/ > ð = /ð/
sh /ʃ/ > ? = /ʃ/
> th = /θ/ > þ = /θ/
zh = /ʒ/ > ? = /ʒ/
???
ŋ /ŋ/
g = /g/
kh = /x/ > x = /x/
k = /k/
gh /ɣ/ > ? = /ɣ/
lh = /j/ > y = /j/
Newerer version: Dombunokra niniodi neraonkyao-Ŋikimbulo. Ŋikinomwi latelaonkyao-Ŋikimbupilo; pinio kinalaonkyu-ŋikimbupilo. Vyigni, nerioŋue-latikilo. Roedaeroonkyoa-nilionda taokaeroonkyue-nilionta. Kinikipinodi taakaeraonkyaa-latikilo. Rauderaonkyaa-maesikilo. Maesikitinompi nerionue-nilio.
| The Palæoboreanica |
|
The Geneticon
The Sovereignty Cycle |
| Ancient Borea |
|
The Borean World
⚑ The Palæoboreanica Civilization & Culture People & Races Monsters |
| ⚑ = You Are Here. |
| Phantasy |
|
⚑ Ancient Borea
Red the Blue Devil The Nocturnals Antediluvian Epoch |
| ⚑ = You Are Here. |
| Fiction |
|
⚑ Phantasy
Science Fiction Furries & Funny Animals Superheroes |
| ⚑ = You Are Here. |
| D. J. Scott’s Writing |
|
⚑ Fiction & Worldbuilding
Scientific Writing |
| ⚑ = You Are Here. |
| D. J. Scott’s Artwork |
|
D. J. Scott’s Visual Arts
⚑ D. J. Scott’s Writing |
| ⚑ = You Are Here. |
| Main Areas |
|
About D. J. Scott
⚑ D. J. Scott’s Artwork |
| ⚑ = You Are Here. |
| Support |
|
► Donate via PayPal
► Support via Patreon |
| Likes @ Previous Location |
|
|