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Sylphish Languages

Copyright © 2004-2021 C.E. by Dustin Jon Scott


Introduction

The Sylvanic languages are those derived from open-syllable dialects of Proto-Palæoboreanic that underwent voicing of consonants adjascent to back-vowels (Terran languages), followed by glottal deconsonantalization (Alpine-Agrarian languages), and then further lenition (Sylvan-Agrarian languages).

While the phonaesthetic structure of the Sylvanic languages constrained their phonetic evolution, they instead evolved a great deal of variation in grammars and word boundaries.

The Sylvanic languages include the Elfish languages, the Sylphish languages, the Nymphish languages, the Faerish languages, and the Hobbish languages.




Further Lenition: Onset Voicing in Open Dialects
+ Consonantal Vowel Deletion

ba > ma > m
pe > be > b
pi > pi > p
py > ɸy > ɸ
bu > βu > β
bo > wo > w

da > na > n
te > de > d
ti > ti > t
ty > sy > s
du > zu > z
do > ɹo > ɹ
tata > ɾaɾa > l

ga > ŋa > ŋ
ke > ge > g
ki > ki > k
ky > xy > x
gu > ɣu > ɣ
go > ʎo > ʎ




Na-ri-lo: Proto-Sylvan
Open, preformative, suffixing, OVS

Proto-Sylvan

Transliteration: do-mbu-no-kra ni-nio-di ne-rao-nkjao ŋi-ki-mbu-rro

Pronunciation: do-mbu-no-kɹa ni-nio-di ne-ɹao-nkʎao ŋi-ki-mbu-lo

Transcription: do-mbu-no-kra ni-nio-di ne-rao-nkyao ngi-ki-mbu-lo

Gloss: cause-big-object-gerund-before things-object-all-of exist-verb-past-evidental nothing-big-ness-subject

Translation: Before the great origin of all things, there must have existed in those days a great nothingness.





Narilo: Primitive Sylvan
Open, preformative, suffixing, OVS

A descendant of Proto-Sylvan. Default word order is [O][V][S]. In ditransitive sentences, order is [DO][IO][V][S].

This language / dialect was extremely interintelligible with Primitive Elfish.


Sample #1

Transliteration: Do’mbu’no’kra ni’nio’di ne’rao’nkjao-ŋi’ki’mbu’rro

Pronunciation: do-mbu-no-kɹa ni-nio-di ne-ɹao-nkʎao-ŋi-ki-mbu-lo

Transcription: Do’mbu’no’kra ni’nio’di ne’rao’nkyao-ngi’ki’mbu’lo

Gloss: Cause-big-object-gerund-before things-object-all-of exist-verb-past-evidental nothing-big-ness-subject

Translation: “Before the great origin of all things, there must have existed in those days a great nothingness.”


Sample #2

Transliteration: Hase’ra’ne-Kara’rra nwai ni’nu’tu bura’ne-ni’rra vurri’ni

Pronunciation: hase-ra-ne-Kara-la nwai ni-nu-tu bura-ne-ni-la vuli-ni

Transcription: Hase’ra’ne-Kara’la nwai ni’nu’tu bura’ne-ni’la vuli’ni

Gloss: Sigh-past Kara-subject and him-to bring-past she (a) draught

Translation: “Kara sighed and to him brought she a draught.”


Sample #3

Transliteration: Hasera’ne-Kararra nwai nina’tu bura’ne-mirru vurrini

Pronunciation: hasera-ne-Karala nwai nina-tu bura-ne-milu vulini

Transcription: Hasera’ne-Karala nwai nina’tu bura’ne-milu vulini

Gloss: Sigh-past Kara-subject and her-to bring-past she (a) draught

Translation: “Kara sighed and to her brought I a draught.”





Narilo: Ancient Sylvan
Open, preformative, suffixing, OVS

A descendant of Proto-Sylvan. Default word order is [O][V][S]. In ditransitive sentences, order is [DO][IO][V][S].


Sample #1

Transliteration: Dombuno’kra ninio’di nerao’nkjao-ŋikimburro

Pronunciation: dombuno-kɹa ninio-di neɹao-nkʎao-ŋikimbulo

Transcription: Dombuno’kra ninio’di nerao’nkyao-ngikimbulo

Gloss: Cause-big-object-gerund-before things-object-all-of exist-verb-past-evidental nothing-big-ness-subject

Translation: “Before the great origin of all things, there must have existed in those days a great nothingness.”


Sample #2

Transliteration: Hasera’ne-Kararra nwai ninu’tu bura’ne-nirra vurrini

Pronunciation: hasera-ne-Karala nwai ninu-tu bura-ne-nila vulini

Transcription: Hasera’ne-Karala nwai ninu’tu bura’ne-nila vulini

Gloss: Sigh-past Kara-subject and him-to bring-past she (a) draught

Translation: “Kara sighed and to him brought she a draught.”


Sample #3

Transliteration: Hasera’ne-Kararra nwai nina’tu bura’ne-mirru vurrini

Pronunciation: hasera-ne-Karala nwai nina-tu bura-ne-milu vulini

Transcription: Hasera’ne-Karala nwai nina’tu bura’ne-milu vulini

Gloss: Sigh-past Kara-subject and her-to bring-past she (a) draught

Translation: “Kara sighed and to her brought I a draught.”





Narilo: Old Sylphish
Open, preformative, suffixing, OVS

Old Sylphish appends subjects to the end of verbs in all sentences, order is [O][V][S]. In ditransitive sentences, order is [DO][IO][V][S].

Sample #1

Transliteration: dombunokra niniodi neraonkjao’ŋikimburro

Pronunciation: dombunokɹa niniodi neɹaonkʎao-ŋikimbulo

Transcription: dombunokra niniodi neraonkyao’ngikimbulo

Gloss: cause-big-object-gerund-before things-object-all-of exist-verb-past-evidental nothing-big-ness-subject

Translation: Before the great origin of all things, there must have existed in those days a great nothingness.


Sample #2

Transliteration: Haserane’Kararra nwai ninutu vurrini burane’nirra

Pronunciation: haserane-Karala nwai ninutu vurrini burane-nila

Transcription: Haserane’Karala nwai ninutu vurrini burane’nila

Gloss: Sigh-past Kara-subject and him-to (a) draught bring-past she

Translation: “Kara sighed and to him a draught brought she.”


Transliteration: Haserane’Kararra nwai ninatu vurrini burane’mirru

Pronunciation: haserane-Karala nwai ninatu vurrini burane-milu

Transcription: Haserane’Karala nwai ninatu vurrini burane’milu

Gloss: Sigh-past Kara-subject and her-to (a) draught bring-past I

Translation: “Kara sighed and to her a draught brought I.”





Narilo: Preclassical Sylvan
Open, preformative, suffixing, OVS

Preclassical Sylvan began with OVS word order, but, perhaps influenced SVO languages such as Aldelfish and Old Faerish, began placing topical nouns at the beginning of sentences while appending the appropriate pronouns to the verbs, having the order [T][V][S] or [T][IO][V][S] in intransitive sentences, with [S] being a pronoun referring to [T]. Functionally, this made the language [S][V] or [S][IO][V] in the intransitive.


Transliteration: ŋikimbujo dombuno’kra ninio’di nerao’nkjao’nirro

Pronunciation: ŋikimbuʎo dombuno-kɹa ninio-di neɹao-nkʎao-nilo

Transcription: ngikimbuyo dombuno’kra ninio’di nerao’nkyao’nilo

Gloss: nothing-big-ness-topic cause-big-object-gerund-before things-object-all-of exist-verb-past-evidental

Translation: A great nothingness it seems existed in the days before the great cause of all things.


Transliteration: Karaja, hasera’ne’nirra nwai nirra ninutu burane’vurrini

Pronunciation: karaja, hasera-ne-nila nwai nila ninu-tu bura-ne-vulini

Transcription: Karaya, hasera’ne’nila nwai nila ninu’tu bura’ne’vulini

Gloss: Kara-topic sigh-past she-subject and she him-to bring-past (a) draught

Translation: “Kara, she sighed and she to him brought a draught.”


Transliteration: Hasera’ne’Kararra nwai mirru nina’tu bura’ne’vurrini

Pronunciation: hasera-ne-Karala nwai milu nina-tu bura-ne-vulini

Transcription: Hasera’ne’Karala nwai milu nina’tu bura’ne’vulini

Gloss: Sigh-past Kara-subject and I she-to bring-past (a) draught

Translation: “Kara sighed and I to her brought I a draught.”





Narilo: Classical Sylvan
Open, preformative, suffixing, OVS

Old Sylphish began with OVS word order, but, perhaps influenced SVO languages such as Aldelfish and Old Faerish, began placing topical nouns at the beginning of sentences while appending the appropriate pronouns to the verbs, having the order [T][V][S] or [T][IO][V][S] in intransitive sentences, with [S] being a pronoun referring to [T]. Functionally, this made the language [S][V] or [S][IO][V] in the intransitive.


Transliteration: ŋikimbujo dombunokra niniodi neraonkjao’nirro

Pronunciation: ŋikimbuʎo dombunokɹa niniodi neɹaonkʎao-nilo

Transcription: ngikimbuyo dombunokra niniodi neraonkyao’nilo

Gloss: nothing-big-ness-topic cause-big-object-gerund-before things-object-all-of exist-verb-past-evidental

Translation: A great nothingness it seems existed in the days before the great cause of all things.


Transliteration: Karaja haserane’nirra nwai nirra ninutu burane’vurrini

Pronunciation: karaja haserane-nila nwai nila ninutu burane-vulini

Transcription: Karaya haserane’nila nwai nila ninutu burane’vulini

Gloss: Kara-topic sigh-past she-subject and she him-to bring-past (a) draught

Translation: “Kara, she sighed and she to him brought a draught.”


Transliteration: Karaja haserane’nirra nwai mirru ninatu burane’vurrini

Pronunciation: karaja haserane-nila nwai milu ninatu burane-vulini

Transcription: Karaya haserane’nila nwai milu ninatu burane’vulini

Gloss: Sigh-past Kara-subject and I she-to bring-past (a) draught

Translation: “Kara, she sighed and I to her brought I a draught.”





Narilo: Early Classical Sylvan
Open, preformative, suffixing, OVS

Classical Sylvan, a descendant of Old Sylphish influenced by Unnamed dialect and Old Faerish.

Transliteration: ŋikimbujo nkjao’nerao’nilo di’ninio kra’dombuno

Pronunciation: ŋikimbuʎo kɹa-dombuno di-ninio neɹaonkʎao-nilo

Transcription: ngikimbuyo nkyao’nerao’nilo di’ninio kra’dombuno

Gloss: nothing-big-ness-topic cause-big-object-gerund-before things-object-all-of exist-verb-past-evidental

Translation: A great nothingness it seems existed in the days before the great cause of all things.


Transliteration: Karaja ne’hasera’nirra nwai tu’ninu ne’bura’nirra vurrini

Pronunciation: karaja ne-hasera-nila nwai tu-ninu ne-bura-nila vulini

Transcription: Karaya ne’hasera’nila nwai tu’ninu ne’bura’nila vulini

Gloss: Sigh-past Kara-subject and she him-to bring-past (a) draught

Translation: “Kara sighed and she to him brought a draught.”


Transliteration: Hasera’ne’Kara’rra nwai mi’rru ni’na’tu bura’ne’vurri’ni

Pronunciation: hasera-ne-Karala nwai mi-lu ni-na-tu bura-ne-vuli-ni

Transcription: Hasera’ne’Kara’la nwai mi’lu ni’na’tu bura’ne’vuli’ni

Gloss: Sigh-past Kara-subject and I she-to bring-past (a) draught

Translation: “Kara sighed and I to her brought I a draught.”





Narilo: Middle Classical Sylvan A
Open, preformative, suffixing, OVS

Classical Sylvan, a descendant of Old Sylphish influenced by Unnamed dialect and Old Faerish.

Transliteration: ŋikimbujo nkjao’nerao’nilo di’ninio kra’dombuno

Pronunciation: ŋikimbuʎo kɹa-dombuno di-ninio neɹaonkʎao-nilo

Transcription: ngikimbuyo nkyao’nerao’nilo di’ninio kra’dombuno

Gloss: nothing-big-ness-topic cause-big-object-gerund-before things-object-all-of exist-verb-past-evidental

Translation: A great nothingness it seems existed in the days before the great cause of all things.


Transliteration: Karaja ne’hasera’nirra nwai tu’ninu ne’bura’nirra vurrini

Pronunciation: karaja ne-hasera-nila nwai tu-ninu ne-bura-nila vulini

Transcription: Karaya ne’hasera’nil nwai tu’nin ne’bura’nil vulini

Gloss: Sigh-past Kara-subject and she him-to bring-past (a) draught

Translation: “Kara sighed and she to him brought a draught.”


Transliteration: Hasera’ne’Kara’rra nwai mi’rru ni’na’tu bura’ne’vurri’ni

Pronunciation: hasera-ne-Karala nwai mi-lu ni-na-tu bura-ne-vuli-ni

Transcription: Karaya ne’hasera’nil nwai tu’nin ne’bura’nil vulini

Gloss: Sigh-past Kara-subject and I she-to bring-past (a) draught

Translation: “Kara sighed and I to her brought I a draught.”





Narilo: Middle Classical Sylvan B
Open, preformative, suffixing, OVS

Classical Sylvan, a descendant of Old Sylphish influenced by Unnamed dialect and Old Faerish.

Transliteration: ŋikimbujo nkjao’nerao’nilo di’ninio kra’dombuno

Pronunciation: ŋikimbuʎo kɹa-dombuno di-ninio neɹaonkʎao-nilo

Transcription: ngikimbuyo nkyao’nerao’nilo di’ninio kra’dombuno

Gloss: nothing-big-ness-topic cause-big-object-gerund-before things-object-all-of exist-verb-past-evidental

Translation: A great nothingness it seems existed in the days before the great cause of all things.


Transliteration: Karaja ne’hasera’rra nwai tu’nu ne’bura’rra vurrini

Pronunciation: karaja ne-hasera-la nwai tu-nu ne-bura-la vulini

Transcription: Karaya ne’hasera’la nwai tu’nu ne’bura’na vulini

Gloss: Sigh-past Kara-subject and she him-to bring-past (a) draught

Translation: “Kara sighed and she to him brought a draught.”


Transliteration: Hasera’ne’Kara’rra nwai mi’rru ni’na’tu bura’ne’vurri’ni

Pronunciation: hasera-ne-Karala nwai mi-lu ni-na-tu bura-ne-vuli-ni

Transcription: Karaya ne’hasera’la nwai tu’nu ne’bura’la vulini

Gloss: Sigh-past Kara-subject and I she-to bring-past (a) draught

Translation: “Kara sighed and I to her brought I a draught.”





Narilo: Middle Classical Sylvan C
Open, preformative, suffixing, OVS

Classical Sylvan, a descendant of Old Sylphish influenced by Unnamed dialect and Old Faerish.

Transliteration: ŋikimbujo nkjao’nerao’nilo di’ninio kra’dombuno

Pronunciation: ŋikimbuʎo kɹa-dombuno di-ninio neɹaonkʎao-nilo

Transcription: ngikimbuyo nkyao’nerao’nilo di’ninio kra’dombuno

Gloss: nothing-big-ness-topic cause-big-object-gerund-before things-object-all-of exist-verb-past-evidental

Translation: A great nothingness it seems existed in the days before the great cause of all things.


Transliteration: Karaja ne’hasera’rra nwai tu’nu ne’bura’rra vurrini

Pronunciation: karaja ne-hasera-la nwai tu-nu ne-bura-la vulini

Transcription: Karaya ne’hasera’la nwai tu’nu ne’bura’na vulini

Gloss: Sigh-past Kara-subject and she him-to bring-past (a) draught

Translation: “Kara sighed and she to him brought a draught.”


Transliteration: Hasera’ne’Kara’rra nwai mi’rru ni’na’tu bura’ne’vurri’ni

Pronunciation: hasera-ne-Karala nwai mi-lu ni-na-tu bura-ne-vuli-ni

Transcription: Karaya ne’hasera’la nwai tu’nu ne’bura’la vulini

Gloss: Sigh-past Kara-subject and I she-to bring-past (a) draught

Translation: “Kara sighed and I to her brought I a draught.”





Narilo: Middle Sylphish
Open, preformative, suffixing, OVS

Middle Sylphish.

Transliteration: ŋikimburro nkjao’neraon di’ninio kra’dombuno

Pronunciation: ŋikimbulo kɹa-dombuno di-ninio nkʎao-neɹaon

Transcription: ngikimbulo nkyao’neraon di’ninio kra’dombuno

Gloss: nothing-big-ness-topic cause-big-object-gerund-before things-object-all-of exist-verb-past-evidental

Translation: A great nothingness it seems existed in the days before the great cause of all things.


Transliteration: Karaja ne’hasera’rra nwai tu’nu ne’bura’rra vurrini

Pronunciation: karaja ne-hasera-la nwai tu-nu ne-bura-la vulini

Transcription: Karaya ne’hasera’la nwai tu’nu ne’bura’na vulini

Gloss: Sigh-past Kara-subject and she him-to bring-past (a) draught

Translation: “Kara sighed and she to him brought a draught.”


Transliteration: Hasera’ne’Kara’rra nwai mi’rru ni’na’tu bura’ne’vurri’ni

Pronunciation: hasera-ne-Karala nwai mi-lu ni-na-tu bura-ne-vuli-ni

Transcription: Karaya ne’hasera’la nwai tu’nu ne’bura’la vulini

Gloss: Sigh-past Kara-subject and I she-to bring-past (a) draught

Translation: “Kara sighed and I to her brought I a draught.”





Sound change 2: The Great Vowel Deletion

Sound change 2 with orthographical change 1


ba(q) or pa(q) = /ma/ > ppp = /m/
be(q) or pe(q) = /be/ > pp = /b/
bi(q) or pi(q) = /ɸi/ > qp = /ɸ/
by(q) or py(q) = /py/ > p = /p/
bu(q) or pu(q) = /βu/ > qpp = /β/
bo(q) or po(q) = /wo/ > qppp = /w/

da(q) or ta(q) = /na/ > ttt = /n/
de(q) or te(q) = /de/ > tt = /d/
di(q) or ti(q) = /si/ > qt = /s/
dy(q) or ty(q) = /ty/ > t = /t/
du(q) or tu(q) = /zu/ > qtt = /z/
do(q) or to(q) = /ro/ > qttt = /r/

dada(q) or tata(q) = /la/ > tttttt /l/
dede(q) or tete(q) = /ðe/ > ? /ð/
didi(q) or titi(q) = /ʃi/ > ? /ʃ/
dydy(q) or tyty(q) = /θy/ > ? /θ/
dudu(q) or tutu(q) = /ʒu/ > ? /ʒ/
dodo(q) or toto(q) = /rho/ > ???

ga(q) or ka(q) = /ŋa/ > kkk /ŋ/
ge(q) or ke(q) = /ge/ > kk /g/
gi(q) or ki(q) = /xi/ > qk /x/
gy(q) or ky(q) = /ky/ > k /k/
gu(q) or ku(q) = /ɣu/ > qkk /ɣ/
go(q) or ko(q) = /jo/ > qkkk /j/

New version: Ttoppppputttokqttta tttitttiotti ttteqtttaotttkqkkkao Kkkikippppputttttto. Kkkikitttopppqpppi ttttttatettttttaotttkqkkkao kkkikipppppupitttttto; pitttio kitttattttttaotttkqkkku kkkikipppppupitttttto. Qppqtttikkttti, ttteqtttiokkkue ttttttatikitttttto. Qtttoettaeqtttootttkqkkka tttittttttiottttta taokaeqtttotttkqkkkue tttittttttiotttta. Kitttikipitttotti taakaeqtttaotttkqkkkaa ttttttatikitttttto. Qtttautteqtttaotttkqkkkaa pppaeqtikitttttto. Pppaeqtikititttppppi ttteqtttiotttue tttittttttio.


Sound change 2 with orthographical change 2

Orthographical change 2 is separate and distinct from orthographical change 1. Orthrographical change 2 does not follow sequentially or build upon orthographical change 1.


ba(q) or pa(q) = /ma/ > m = /m/
be(q) or pe(q) = /be/ > ph = /b/
bi(q) or pi(q) = /ɸi/ > pp = /ɸ/
by(q) or py(q) = /py/ > p = /p/
bu(q) or pu(q) = /βu/ > phph = /β/
bo(q) or po(q) = /wo/ > mh = /w/

da(q) or ta(q) = /na/ > n = /n/
de(q) or te(q) = /de/ > th = /d/
di(q) or ti(q) = /si/ > tt = /s/
dy(q) or ty(q) = /ty/ > t = /t/
du(q) or tu(q) = /zu/ > thth = /z/
do(q) or to(q) = /ro/ > nh = /r/

dada(q) or tata(q) = /la/ > nn /l/
dede(q) or tete(q) = /ðe/ > ? /ð/
didi(q) or titi(q) = /ʃi/ > ? /ʃ/
dydy(q) or tyty(q) = /θy/ > ? /θ/
dudu(q) or tutu(q) = /ʒu/ > ? /ʒ/
dodo(q) or toto(q) = /rho/ > ???

ga(q) or ka(q) = /ŋa/ > ŋ /ŋ/
ge(q) or ke(q) = /ge/ > kh /g/
gi(q) or ki(q) = /xi/ > kk /x/
gy(q) or ky(q) = /ky/ > k /k/
gu(q) or ku(q) = /ɣu/ > khkh /ɣ/
go(q) or ko(q) = /jo/ > ŋh /j/

New version: Thomphunoknha niniothi nenhaonkŋhao Ŋikimphunno. Ŋikinommhi nnatennaonkŋhao ŋikimphupinno; pinio kinannaonkŋhu ŋikimphupinno. Phphŋhikhni, nenhioŋue nnatikinno. Nhoedaenhoonkŋha ninniontha taokaenhonkŋhue ninnionta. Kinikipinothi taakaenhaonkŋhaa nnatikinno. Nhaudenhaonkŋhaa maettikinno. Maettikitinmpi nenhionue ninnio.


Sound change 2 with orthographical change 3

Orthographical change 3 follows sequentially from and builds upon orthographical change 2.


m = /m/
ph = /b/ > b = /b/
pp = /ɸ/ > ph = /ɸ/
p = /p/
phph = /β/ > bh = /β/
mh = /w/ > mh /w/

n = /n/
th = /d/ > d = /d/
tt = /s/ > s = /s/
t = /t/
thth = /z/ > z = /z/
nh = /r/

nn /l/ > = l /l/
? /ð/ > dh = /ð/
? /ʃ/ > sh /ʃ/
? /θ/ > th = /θ/
? /ʒ/ > zh = /ʒ/
???

ŋ /ŋ/
kh = /g/ > g = /g/
kk = /x/ > kh = /x/
k = /k/
khkh = /ɣ/ > gh /ɣ/
ŋh = /j/ > lh = /j/

Newer version: Dombunoknha niniodi nenhaonklhao-Ŋikimbulo. Ŋikinommhi latelaonklhao-Ŋikimbupilo; pinio kinalaonklhu-ŋikimbupilo. Bhlhigni, nenhioŋue-latikilo. Nhoedaenhoonklhoa-nilionda taokaenhoonklhue-nilionta. Kinikipinodi taakaenhaonklhaa-latikilo. Nhaudenhaonklhaa-maesikilo. Maesikitinompi nenhionue-nilio.


Sound change 2 with orthographical change 4

Orthographical change 4 follows sequentially from and builds upon orthographical change 3.


m = /m/
b = /b/
ph = /ɸ/ > f = /ɸ/
p = /p/
bh = /β/ > v = /β/
mh /w/ > w /w/

n = /n/
d = /d/
s = /s/
t = /t/
z = /z/
nh = /r/ > r = /r/

l /l/
dh = /ð/ > ð = /ð/
sh /ʃ/ > ? = /ʃ/
> th = /θ/ > þ = /θ/
zh = /ʒ/ > ? = /ʒ/
???

ŋ /ŋ/
g = /g/
kh = /x/ > x = /x/
k = /k/
gh /ɣ/ > ? = /ɣ/
lh = /j/ > y = /j/

Newerer version: Dombunokra niniodi neraonkyao-Ŋikimbulo. Ŋikinomwi latelaonkyao-Ŋikimbupilo; pinio kinalaonkyu-ŋikimbupilo. Vyigni, nerioŋue-latikilo. Roedaeroonkyoa-nilionda taokaeroonkyue-nilionta. Kinikipinodi taakaeraonkyaa-latikilo. Rauderaonkyaa-maesikilo. Maesikitinompi nerionue-nilio.



Sylvanic Languages
Proto-Sylvanic
Ancient Sylvanic
Classical Sylvan
Old Sylphish
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