Terran Languages

• Open, Preformative, Suffixing (Na-ri-nho) — OVS: Proto-Drayadic, Proto-Sylvan, Proto-Faerish
• Open, Preformative, Suffixing (Na-ri-nho) — SVO: Proto-Aldelfish, Proto-Woodelfish
• Formerly-open, Afformative, Suffixing (An-ir-onh) — OVS: Proto-Maenadic
• Formerly-open, Afformative, Suffixing (An-ir-onh) — SVO: Proto-Darkelfish
• Open, Preformative, Prefixing (Nho-ri-na) — OVS: Proto-Nightelfish? Proto-Huldric? Proto-Hesperidic?
• Open, Preformative, Prefixing (Nho-ri-na) — SVO: Proto-Moonelfish? Proto-Huldric?
• Formerly-open, Afformative, Prefixing (Onh-ir-an) — OVS: Proto-Arachnyadic
• Formerly-open, Afformative, Prefixing (Onh-ir-an) — SVO: Proto-Swartelfish

• Open, Preformative, Suffixing (Naa-roi-nhao) — OVS: Proto-Leimakidic, Proto-Leimoniadic, Proto-Epimelidic?
• Open, Preformative, Suffixing (Naa-roi-nhao) — SVO: Proto-Meadowelfish
• Open, Afformative, Suffixing (Ana-iro-onha) — OVS:
• Open, Afformative, Suffixing (Ana-iro-onha) — SVO:
• Open, Preformative, Prefixing (Nhao-roi-naa) — OVS:
• Open, Preformative, Prefixing (Nhao-roi-naa) — SVO: Proto-Centaurian?
• Open, Afformative, Prefixing (Onha-iro-ana) — OVS:
• Open, Afformative, Prefixing (Onha-iro-ana) — SVO: Agrarian Proto-Dwarfish / Proto-Fielddwarfish?

• Formerly-closed, Preformative, Suffixing (Ana-ori-anho) — OVS:
• Formerly-closed, Preformative, Suffixing (Ana-ori-anho) — SVO: Proto-Trooping-Faerish?
• Closed, Afformative, Suffixing (Aan-ior-oanh) — OVS:
• Closed, Afformative, Suffixing (Aan-ior-oanh) — SVO:
• Formerly-closed, Preformative, Prefixing (Anho-ori-ana) — OVS:
• Formerly-closed, Preformative, Prefixing (Anho-ori-ana) — SVO:
• Closed, Afformative, Prefixing (Oanh-ior-aan) — OVS:
• Closed, Afformative, Prefixing (Oanh-ior-aan) — SVO:

• Formerly-closed, Preformative, Suffixing (Na-ri-rho?) — OVS: Proto-Oreiadic? Proto-Cryonyadic?
• Formerly-closed, Preformative, Suffixing (Na-ri-rho?) — SVO:
• Closed, Afformative, Suffixing (An-ir-orh) — OVS: Proto-Ogrish?
• Closed, Afformative, Suffixing (An-ir-orh) — SVO: Proto-Ogrish
• Formerly-closed, Preformative, Prefixing (Rho-ri-na?) — OVS:
• Formerly-closed, Preformative, Prefixing (Rho-ri-na?) — SVO:
• Closed, Afformative, Prefixing (Orh-ir-an) — OVS: Proto-Dwarfish?
• Closed, Afformative, Prefixing (Orh-ir-an) — SVO: Proto-Dwarfish?

• Closed, Preformative, Suffixing (Nah-rij-nhow?) — OVS:
• Closed, Preformative, Suffixing (Nah-rij-nhow?) — SVO: Proto-Wooddwarfish?
• Closed, Afformative, Suffixing (Ahn-ijr-ownh?) — OVS:
• Closed, Afformative, Suffixing (Ahn-ijr-ownh?) — SVO:
• Closed, Preformative, Prefixing (Nhow-rij-nah?) — OVS:
• Closed, Preformative, Prefixing (Nhow-rij-nah?) — SVO:
• Closed, Afformative, Prefixing (Ownh-ijr-ahn) — OVS:
• Closed, Afformative, Prefixing (Ownh-ijr-ahn) — SVO: Colline Proto-Dwarfish / Proto-Hilldwarfish

• Closed, Preformative, Suffixing (Anah-orij-anhow?) — OVS: Proto-Lampadic?
• Closed, Preformative, Suffixing (Anah-orij-anhow?) — SVO:
• Closed, Afformative, Suffixing (Ahan-ijor-owanh?) — OVS: Proto-Ortch? Proto-Fomorian?
• Closed, Afformative, Suffixing (Ahan-ijor-owanh?) — SVO: Proto-Ortch? Proto-Fomorian?
• Closed, Preformative, Prefixing (Anhow-orij-anah?) — OVS:
• Closed, Preformative, Prefixing (Anhow-orij-anah?) — SVO:
• Closed, Afformative, Prefixing (Owanh-ijor-ahan?) — OVS:
• Closed, Afformative, Prefixing (Owanh-ijor-ahan?) — SVO: Infernal Proto-Dwarfish

This is a list of the early Palaeoboreanic dialects.

• [Phase 1] Taqa-toqi-tataqo — OPS Proto-Palaeboreanic
• [Phase 1] Ataq-otiq-atatoq — CPS Proto-Palaeboreanic
• [Phase 1] Qata-qito-qotata — OAS Proto-Palaeboreanic
• [Phase 1] Aqat-iqot-oqatat — CAS Proto-Palaeboreanic
• [Phase 1] Tataqo-toqi-taqa — OPP Proto-Palaeboreanic
• [Phase 1] Atatoq-otiq-ataq — CPP Proto-Palaeboreanic
• [Phase 1] Qotata-qito-qata — OAP Proto-Palaeboreanic
• [Phase 1] Oqatat-iqot-aqat — CAP Proto-Palaeboreanic
• [Phase 2A] Daqa-doqi-dadaqo — OPS Proto-Terran Palaeboreanic
• [Phase 2A] Adaq-odiq-adadoq — CPS Proto-Terran Palaeboreanic
• [Phase 2A] Qada-qido-qodada — OAS Proto-Terran Palaeboreanic
• [Phase 2A] Aqad-iqod-oqadad — CAS Proto-Terran Palaeboreanic
• [Phase 2A] Dadaqo-doqi-daqa — OPP Proto-Terran Palaeboreanic
• [Phase 2A] Adadoq-odiq-adaq — CPP Proto-Terran Palaeboreanic
• [Phase 2A] Qodada-qido-qada — OAP Proto-Terran Palaeboreanic
• [Phase 2A] Oqadad-iqod-aqad — CAP Proto-Terran Palaeboreanic
• [Phase 3A1] Daa-doi-dadao — OPS Proto-Agrarian-Montane dialects: Proto-Drayadic; Proto-Sylvan; Proto-Faerish; Proto-Aldelfish; Proto-Woodelfish; Proto-Leimakidic; Proto-Leimoniadic; Proto-Epimelidic? Proto-Meadowelfish; Proto-Trooping-Faerish? Proto-Oreyadic? Proto-Cryonadic?
• [Phase 3A1] Ada-odi-adado — CPS Proto-Agrarian-Montane
• [Phase 3A1] Ada-ido-odada — OAS Proto-Agrarian-Montane
• [Phase 3A1] Aad-iod-oadad — CAS Proto-Agrarian-Montane
• [Phase 3A1] Dadao-doi-daa — OPP Proto-Agrarian-Montane
• [Phase 3A1] Adado-odi-ada — CPP Proto-Agrarian-Montane
• [Phase 3A1] Odada-ido-ada — OAP Proto-Agrarian-Montane
• [Phase 3A1] Oadad-iod-aad — CAP Proto-Agrarian-Montane
• [Phase 3AX] Daja-doji-dadawo — OPS Proto-Aerial
• [Phase 3AX] Jada-jido-wodada — OAS Proto-Aerial
• [Phase 3AX] Dadawo-doji-daja — OPP Proto-Aerial
• [Phase 3AX] Wodada-jido-jada — OAP Proto-Aerial
• [Phase 3A2] Adaj-odij-adadow — CPS Proto-Chthonic
• [Phase 3A2] Ajad-ijod-owadad — CAS Proto-Chthonic
• [Phase 3A2] Adadow-odij-adaj — CPP Proto-Chthonic
• [Phase 3A2] Owadad-ijod-ajad — CAP Proto-Chthonic
• [Phase 4A1a] Naa-roi-rarao — OPS Proto-Sylvan-Agrarain dialects: Proto-Drayadic; Proto-Sylvan; Proto-Faerish; Proto-Aldelfish; Proto-Woodelfish; Proto-Leimakidic; Proto-Leimoniadic; Proto-Epimelidic? Proto-Meadowelfish; Proto-Trooping-Faerish? Proto-Oreyadic? Proto-Cryonadic?
• [Phase 4A1a] Ana-iro-orara — OAS Proto-Sylvan-Agrarain dialects: Proto-Maenadic; Proto-Darkelfish
• [Phase 4A1a] Rarao-roi-naa — OPP Proto-Sylvan-Agrarain dialects: Proto-Nightelfish? Proto-Huldric? Proto-Moonelfish? Proto-Hesperidic? Proto-Centaurian?
• [Phase 4A1a] Orara-iro-ana — OAP Proto-Sylvan-Agrarain dialects: Proto-Arachneyadic? Proto-Swartelfish; Proto-Fielddwarfish? Agrarian Proto-Dwarfish?
• [Phase 4A1b] Ana-ori-araro — CPS Proto-Montane-Nomadic dialects: Proto-Trooping-Faerish? Proto-Oreyadic? Proto-Cryonadic?
• [Phase 4A1b] Aan-ior-oarar — CAS Proto-Montane-Nomadic dialects: Proto-Ogrish? Proto-Mountainogrish?
• [Phase 4A1b] Araro-ori-ana — CPP Proto-Montane-Nomadic
• [Phase 4A1b] Oarar-ior-aar — CAP Proto-Montane-Nomadic dialects: Proto-Dwarfish? Proto-Mountaindwarfish?
• [Phase 4A2a] Anaj-orij-ararow — CPS Proto-Colline
• [Phase 4A2a] Ajan-ijor-owarar — CAS Proto-Colline
• [Phase 4A2a] Ararow-orij-anaj — CPP Proto-Colline
• [Phase 4A2a] Owarar-ijor-ajar — CAP Proto-Colline
• [Phase 4A2b] Anah-orij-ararow — CPS Proto-Infernal dialects [1]: Proto-Lampadic?
• [Phase 4A2b] Ahan-ijor-owarar — CAS Proto-Infernal dialects [1]: Proto-Ortch? Proto-Fomorian?
• [Phase 4A2b] Ararow-orij-anah — CPP Proto-Infernal [1]
• [Phase 4A2b] Owarar-ijor-ahan — CAP Proto-Infernal dialects [1]: Infernal Proto-Dwarfish?
• [Phase 5A1a1] Na-ri-nho — OPS Proto-Sylvanic dialects: Proto-Drayadic; Proto-Sylvan; Proto-Faerish; Proto-Aldelfish; Proto-Woodelfish
• [Phase 5A1a1] An-ir-onh — OAS Proto-Sylvanic dialects: Proto-Maenadic; Proto-Darkelfish
• [Phase 5A1a1] Nho-ri-na — OPP Proto-Sylvanic dialects: Proto-Nightelfish? Proto-Huldric? Proto-Moonelfish? Proto-Hesperidic?
• [Phase 5A1a1] Onh-ir-an — OAP Proto-Sylvanic dialects: Proto-Arachnyadic; Proto-Swartelfish
• [Phase 5A1a2] Naa-roi-nhao — OPS Proto-Agrarian dialects: Proto-Leimakidic; Proto-Leimoniadic; Proto-Epimelidic? Proto-Meadowelfish
• [Phase 5A1a2] Ana-iro-onha — OAS Proto-Agrarian
• [Phase 5A1a2] Nhao-roi-naa — OPP Proto-Agrarian dialects: Proto-Centaurian?
• [Phase 5A1a2] Onha-iro-ana — OAP Proto-Agrarian dialects: Agrarian Proto-Dwarfish / Proto-Fielddwarfish?
• [Phase 5A1b1] Ana-ori-anho — CPS Proto-Nomadic dialects: Proto-Trooping-Faerish?
• [Phase 5A1b1] Aan-ior-oanh — CAS Proto-Nomadic
• [Phase 5A1b1] Anho-ori-ana — CPP Proto-Nomadic
• [Phase 5A1b1] Oanh-ior-aan — CAP Proto-Nomadic
• [Phase 5A1b2] Na-ri-rho — CPS Proto-Montane dialects: Proto-Oreyadic? Proto-Cryonadic?
• [Phase 5A1b2] An-ir-orh — CAS Proto-Montane dialects: Proto-Ogrish? Proto-Mountainogrish?
• [Phase 5A1b2] Rho-ri-na — CPP Proto-Montane
• [Phase 5A1b2] Orh-ir-an — CAP Proto-Montane dialects: Proto-Dwarfish? Proto-Mountaindwarfish?
• [Phase 5A2a1] Nah-rij-nhow — CPS Colline languages [1]: Proto-Moundelfish; Proto-Sidhean; Proto-Wooddwarfish?
• [Phase 5A2a1] Ahn-ijr-ownh — CAS Colline [1]
• [Phase 5A2a1] Nhow-rij-nah — CPP Colline [1]
• [Phase 5A2a1] Ownh-ijr-ahn — CAP Colline languages [1]: Colline Proto-Dwarfish / Proto-Hilldwarfish?
• [Phase 5A2b1] Anah-orij-arrow — CPS Proto-Infernal [2a]
• [Phase 5A2b1] Ahan-ijor-owarr — CAS Proto-Infernal [2a]
• [Phase 5A2b1] Arrow-orij-anah — CPP Proto-Infernal [2a]
• [Phase 5A2b1] Owarr-ijor-ahan — CAP Proto-Infernal [2a]
• [Phase 5A2b2] Anah-orij-arhow — CPS Proto-Infernal [2b]
• [Phase 5A2b2] Ahan-ijor-owarh — CAS Proto-Infernal [2b]
• [Phase 5A2b2] Arhow-orij-anah — CPP Proto-Infernal [2b]
• [Phase 5A2b2] Owarh-ijor-ahan — CAP Proto-Infernal [2b]
• [Phase 5A2b3] Anah-orij-anhow — CPS Proto-Infernal [2c]
• [Phase 5A2b3] Ahan-ijor-owanh — CAS Proto-Infernal [2c]
• [Phase 5A2b3] Anhow-orij-anah — CPP Proto-Infernal [2c]
• [Phase 5A2b3] Owanh-ijor-ahan — CAP Proto-Infernal [2c]
• [Phase 6A1a1a] Na-ri-lo — OPS Sylvanic languages [1]: Proto-Drayadic; Proto-Sylvan; Proto-Faerish; Proto-Aldelfish; Proto-Woodelfish
• [Phase 6A1a1a] An-ir-ol — OAS Sylvanic languages [1]: Proto-Maenadic; Proto-Darkelfish
• [Phase 6A1a1a] Lo-ri-na — OPP Sylvanic languages [1]: Proto-Nightelfish? Proto-Huldric? Proto-Moonelfish? Proto-Hesperidic?
• [Phase 6A1a1a] Ol-ir-an — OAP Sylvanic languages [1]: Proto-Arachneyadic? Proto-Swartelfish
• [Phase 6A1a2a] Naa-roi-lao? — OPS Agrarian languages [1]: Proto-Leimakidic; Proto-Leimoniadic; Proto-Epimelidic? Proto-Meadowelfish
• [Phase 6A1a2a] Ana-iro-ola? — OAS Agrarian [1]
• [Phase 6A1a2a] Lao-roi-naa? — OPP Agrarian languages [1]: Proto-Centaurian?
• [Phase 6A1a2a] Ola-iro-ana? — OAP Agrarian languages [1]: Proto-Fielddwarfish? Agrarian Proto-Dwarfish?
• [Phase 6A1b1a] Ana-ori-alo? — CPS Nomadic languages [1]: Proto-Trooping-Faerish?
• [Phase 6A1b1a] Aan-ior-oal? — CAS Nomadic [1]
• [Phase 6A1b1a] Alo-ori-ana? — CPP Nomadic [1]
• [Phase 6A1b1a] Oal-ior-aan? — CAP Nomadic [1]
• [Phase 6A1b2a] Na-rhi-ro — CPS Montane languages [1]: Proto-Oreyadic? Proto-Cryonadic?
• [Phase 6A1b2a] An-iŋr-or — CAS Montane [1]: Proto-Ogrish? Proto-Mountainogrish?
• [Phase 6A1b2a] Ro-rhi-na — CPP Montane [1]
• [Phase 6A1b2a] Orr-imhr-an — CAP Montane languages [1]: Proto-Dwarfish? Proto-Mountaindwarfish?
• [Phase 6A2a1a] Narhiljow? — CPS Colline [2]: Moundelfish; Sidhean; Wooddwarfish?
• [Phase 6A2a1a] Amhirjowl? — CAS Colline [2]: Felldwarfish?
• [Phase 6A2a1a] Lorwinjah? — CPP Colline [2]
• [Phase 6A2a1a] Olwirjahn? — CAP Colline [2]: Colline Dwarfish? Hilldwarfish?
• [Phase 7A1a1a1] Narilo — OPS Sylvanic [2]: Aldelfish; Woodelfish; Drayadic; Faerish; Sylvan
• [Phase 7A1a1a1] Anirol — OAS Sylvanic [2]: Darkelfish; Maenadic
• [Phase 7A1a1a1] Lorina — OPP Sylvanic [2]: Nightelfish; Moonelfish
• [Phase 7A1a1a1] Oliran — OAP Sylvanic [2]: Swartelfish; Sylvan Oreadic
• [Phase 7A1a2a1] Naaroilao? — OPS Agrarian [2]: Meadowelfish; Leimakidic; Leimoniadic; Epimelidic
• [Phase 7A1a2a1] Anairoola? — OAS Agrarian [2]
• [Phase 7A1a2a1] Laoroinaa? — OPP Agrarian [2]: Centaurian?
• [Phase 7A1a2a1] Olairoana? — OAP Agrarian [2]: Agrarian Dwarfish?
• [Phase 7A1b1a1] Anaorialo? — CPS Nomadic [2]: Trooping Faerish?
• [Phase 7A1b1a1] Aanioroal? — CAS Nomadic [2]
• [Phase 7A1b1a1] Alooriana? — CPP Nomadic [2]
• [Phase 7A1b1a1] Oalioraan? — CAP Nomadic [2]
• [Phase 7A1b2a1] Naliro? — CPS Montane [2]: Glasselflish; Cryonadic; Alpine Oreadic
• [Phase 7A1b2a1] Aniŋror — CAS Montane [2]: Ogrish?
• [Phase 7A1b2a1] Rorhina? — CPP Montane [2]
• [Phase 7A1b2a1] Orriwran — CAP Montane [2]: Mountaindwarfish?

This refers to a change that occured in numerous dialects of various morphologies. In some dialects, consonants adjascent to back vowels (a, u, o) were voiced. In other dialects, consonants adjascent to rounded vowels (y, u, o) were voiced.

Variant Group A: Onset Voicing in Open Dialects

In open dialects, the onsets of syllables with back vowels were voiced.

Transliteration 1: teqo-papequ-taqo-kitoqa taqi-taqiqo-teqi taqe-toqaqo-takikoqaqo kaqi-kiqi-papequ-tataqo

Transliteration 2: deqo-babequ-daqo-gidoqa daqi-daqiqo-deqi daqe-doqaqo-dagigoqaqo gaqi-giqi-babequ-dadaqo

Pronunciation: teɦo-bapeɦu-daɦo-kidoɦa daʔi-daʔiɦo-deʔi daʔe-doɦaɦo-dakigoɦaɦo-gaʔi-kiʔi-bapeɦu-ɾaɾaɦo

Transcription: te’o-bape’u-da’o-kido’a da’i-da’i’o-de’i da’e-do’a’o-dakigo’a’o-ga’i-ki’i-bape’u-rara’o

Gloss: cause-big-object-gerund-before things-object-all-of exist-verb-past-evidental nothing-big-ness-subject

Translation: Before the great origin of all things, there must have existed in those days a great nothingness.

Transliteration 1: kaqi-kiqi-papequ-tataqo taqe-toqaqo-takikoqaqo taqi-taqiqo-teqi teqo-papequ-taqo-kitoqa

Transliteration 2: gaqi-giqi-babequ-dadaqo daqe-doqaqo-dagigoqaqo daqi-daqiqo-deqi deqo-babequ-daqo-gidoqa

Pronunciation: gaʔi-kiʔi-bapeɦu-ɾaɾaɦo daʔe-doɦaɦo-dakigoɦaɦo daʔi-daʔiɦo-deʔi teɦo-bapeɦu-daɦo-kidoɦa

Transcription: ga’i-ki’i-bape’u-rara’o da’e-do’a’o-dakigo’a’o da’i-da’i’o-de’i te’o-bape’u-da’o-kido’a

Gloss: nothing-big-ness-subject exist-verb-past-evidental things-object-all-of cause-big-object-gerund-before

Translation: A great nothingness it seems existed in the days before the great cause of all things.

Transliteration 1: qote-qupepa-qota-qatoki qita-qoqita-qite qeta-qoqato-qoqakokita qika-qiki-qupepa-qotata

Transliteration 2: qode-qubeba-qoda-qadogi qida-qoqida-qide qeda-qoqado-qoqagogida qiga-qigi-qubeba-qodada

Pronunciation: ɦote-ɦupeba-ɦoda-ɦadoki ʔida-ɦoʔida-ʔite ʔeda-ɦoɦado-ɦoɦagokida ʔiga-ʔiki-ɦupeba-ɦoɾaɾa

Transcription: ’ote-’upeba-’oda-’adoki ’ida-’o’ida-’ide ’eda-’o’ado-’o’agokida ’iga-’iki-’upeba-’orara

Gloss: Cause-big-object-gerund-before things-object-all-of exist-verb-past-evidental nothing-big-ness-subject

Translation: Before the great origin of all things, there must have existed in those days a great nothingness.

Transliteration 1: qika-qiki-qupepa-qotata qeta-qoqato-qoqakokita qita-qoqita-qite qote-qupepa-qota-qatoki

Transliteration 2: qiga-qigi-qubeba-qodada qeda-qoqado-qoqagogida qida-qoqida-qide qode-qubeba-qoda-qadogi

Pronunciation: ʔiga-ʔiki-ɦupeba-ɦoɾaɾa ʔeda-ɦoɦado-ɦoɦagokida ʔida-ɦoʔida-ʔite ɦote-ɦupeba-ɦoda-ɦadoki

Transcription: ’iga-’iki-’upeba-’orara ’eda-’o’ado-’o’agokida ’ida-’o’ida-’ide ’ote-’upeba-’oda-’adoki

Gloss: nothing-big-ness-subject exist-verb-past-evidental things-object-all-of cause-big-object-gerund-before

Translation: A great nothingness it seems existed in the days before the great cause of all things.

Transliteration 1: kitoqa-taqo-papequ-teqo teqi-taqiqo-taqi takikoqaqo-toqaqo-taqe tataqo-pepequ-kiqi-kaqi

Transliteration 2: gidoqa-daqo-babequ-deqo deqi-daqiqo-daqi dagigoqaqo-doqaqo-daqe dadaqo-bebequ-giqi-gaqi

Pronunciation: kidoɦa-daɦo-bapeɦu-teɦo deʔi-daʔiqo-daʔi dakigoɦaɦo-doɦaɦo-daʔe ɾaɾaɦo-pepeɦu-kiʔi-gaʔi

Transcription: kido’a-da’o-bape’u-te’o de’i-da’i’o-da’i dakigo’a’o-do’a’o-da’e rara’o-bepe’u-ki’i-ga’i

Gloss: before-gerund-object-big-cause of-all-things-object evidental-past-verb-exist subject-ness-big-none

Translation: Before the great origin of all things, there must have existed in those days a great nothingness.

Transliteration 1: tataqo-pepequ-kiqi-kaqi takikoqaqo-toqaqo-taqe teqi-taqiqo-taqi kitoqa-taqo-papequ-teqo

Transliteration 2: dadaqo-bebequ-giqi-gaqi dagigoqaqo-doqaqo-daqe deqi-daqiqo-daqi gidoqa-daqo-babequ-deqo

Pronunciation: ɾaɾaɦo-bepeɦu-kiʔi-gaʔi dakigoɦaɦo-doɦaɦo-daʔe teʔi-daʔiɦo-daʔi kidoɦa-daɦo-bapeɦu-teɦo

Transcription: rara’o-bepe’u-ki’i-ga’i dakigo’a’o-do’a’o-da’e de’i-da’i’o-da’i kido’a-da’o-bape’u-te’o

Gloss: subject-ness-big-none evidental-past-verb-exist of-all-things-object before-gerund-object-big-cause

Translation: A great nothingness it seems existed in the days before the great cause of all things.

Transliteration 1: qatoki-qota-qupepa-qote qite-qoqita-qita qoqakokita-qoqato-qeta qotata-qupepa-qiki-qika

Transliteration 2: qadogi-qoda-qubeba-qode qide-qoqida-qida qoqagogida-qoqado-qeda qodada-qubeba-qigi-qiga

Pronunciation: ɦadoki-ɦoda-ɦupeba-ɦote ʔite-ɦoʔida-ʔida ɦoɦagokida-ɦoɦado-ʔeda ɦoɾaɾa-ɦupeba-ʔiki-ʔiga

Transcription: ’adoki-’oda-’upeba-’ote ’ite-’oʔida-’ida ’o’agokida-’o’ado-’eda ’orara-’upeba-’iki-’iga

Gloss: before-gerund-object-big-cause of-all-things-object evidental-past-verb-exist subject-ness-big-none

Translation: Before the great origin of all things, there must have existed in those days a great nothingness.

Transliteration 1: qotata-qupepa-qiki-qika qoqakokita-qoqato-qeta qite-qoqita-qita qatoki-qota-qupepa-qote

Transliteration 2: qodada-qubeba-qigi-qiga qoqagogida-qoqado-qeda qide-qoqida-qida qadogi-qoda-qubeba-qode

Pronunciation: ɦoɾaɾa-ɦupeba-ʔiki-ʔiga ɦoɦagokida-ɦoɦado-ʔeda ʔite-ɦoʔida-ʔida ɦadoki-ɦoda-ɦupeba-ɦote

Pronunciation: ’oɾaɾa-’upeba-’iki-’iga ’o’agokida-’o’ado-’eda ’ite-’o’ida-’ida ’adoki-’oda-’upeba-’ote

Gloss: subject-ness-big-none evidental-past-verb-exist of-all-things-object before-gerund-object-big-cause

Translation: A great nothingness it seems existed in the days before the great cause of all things.

Variant Group B: Codal Voicing in Closed Dialects

In closed dialects, the codas of syllables with back vowels were voiced.

Transliteration 1: etoq-apepuq-atoq-ikotaq atiq-atiqoq-etiq ateq-otaqoq-atikokaqoq atiq-ikiq-apepuq-atatoq

Transliteration 2: edoq-abebuq-adoq-igodaq adiq-adiqoq-ediq adeq-odaqoq-adigogaqoq agiq-igiq-abebuq-adadoq

Pronunciation: etoɦ-abepuɦ-adoɦ-ikodaɦ adiʔ-adiʔoɦ-etiʔ adeʔ-odaɦoɦ-adikogaɦoɦ agiʔ-ikiʔ-abepuɦ-aɾaɾoɦ

Transcription: eto’-abepu’-ado’-ikoda’ adi’-adi’o’-eti’ ade’-oda’o’-adikoga’o’ agi’-iki’-abepu’-araro’

Gloss: cause-big-object-gerund-before things-object-all-of exist-verb-past-evidental nothing-big-ness-subject

Translation: Before the great origin of all things, there must have existed in those days a great nothingness.

Transliteration 1: atiq-ikiq-apepuq-atatoq ateq-otaqoq-atikokaqoq atiq-atiqoq-etiq etoq-apepuq-atoq-ikotaq

Transliteration 2: agiq-igiq-abebuq-adadoq adeq-odaqoq-adigogaqoq adiq-adiqoq-ediq edoq-abebuq-adoq-igodaq

Pronunciation: agiʔ-ikiʔ-abepuɦ-aɾaɾoɦ adeʔ-odaɦoɦ-adikogaɦoɦ adiʔ-adiqoɦ-etiʔ etoɦ-abepuɦ-adoɦ-ikodaɦ

Gloss: nothing-big-ness-subject exist-verb-past-evidental things-object-all-of cause-big-object-gerund-before

Translation: A great nothingness it seems existed in the days before the great cause of all things.

Transliteration: oqet-uqepap-oqat-aqotik iqat-oqiqat-iqet eqat-oqaqot-oqaqokikat iqat-iqik-uqepap-oqatat

Transliteration: oqed-uqebab-oqad-aqodig iqad-oqiqad-iqed eqad-oqaqod-oqaqogigad iqad-iqig-uqebab-oqadad

Pronunciation: oɦet-uɦepab-oɦad-aɦodik iʔad-oɦiʔad-iʔet eʔad-oɦaɦod-oɦaɦogikad iʔag-iʔik-uɦepab-oɦaɾaɾ

Pronunciation: o’et-u’epab-o’ad-a’odik i’ad-o’i’ad-i’et e’ad-o’a’od-o’a’ogikad i’ag-i’ik-u’epab-o’arar

Gloss: Cause-big-object-gerund-before things-object-all-of exist-verb-past-evidental nothing-big-ness-subject

Translation: Before the great origin of all things, there must have existed in those days a great nothingness.

Transliteration 1: iqak-iqik-uqepap-oqatat eqat-oqaqot-oqaqogikad iqad-oqiqad-iqed oqet-uqeqab-oqad-aqodik

Transliteration 2: iqag-iqig-uqebab-oqadad eqad-oqaqod-oqaqogigad iqad-oqiqad-iqed oqed-uqebab-oqad-aqodig

Pronunciation: iʔag-iʔik-uɦepab-oɦaɾaɾ eʔad-oɦaɦod-oɦaɦogikad iʔad-oɦiʔad-iʔet oɦet-uɦeʔab-oɦad-aɦodik

Pronunciation: i’ag-i’ik-u’epab-o’arar e’ad-o’a’od-o’a’ogikad i’ad-o’i’ad-i’et o’et-u’e’ab-o’ad-a’odik

Gloss: nothing-big-ness-subject exist-verb-past-evidental things-object-all-of cause-big-object-gerund-before

Translation: A great nothingness it seems existed in the days before the great cause of all things.

Transliteration 1: ikotaq-atoq-apepuq-etoq etiq-atiqoq-atiq atikokaqoq-otaqoq-ateq atatoq-etapuq-ikiq-akiq

Transliteration: igodaq-adoq-abebuq-edoq ediq-adiqoq-adiq adigogaqoq-odaqoq-adeq adadoq-edabuq-igiq-agiq

Pronunciation: ikodaɦ-adoɦ-abepuɦ-etoɦ etiʔ-adiqoɦ-adiʔ adikogaɦoɦ-odaɦoɦ-adeʔ aɾaɾoɦ-edepuɦ-ikiʔ-agiʔ

Transcription: ikoda’-ado’-abepu’-eto’ eti’-adiqo’-adi’ adikoga’o’-oda’o’-ade’ araro’-edepu’-iki’-agi’

Gloss: before-gerund-object-big-cause of-all-things-object evidental-past-verb-exist subject-ness-big-none

Translation: Before the great origin of all things, there must have existed in those days a great nothingness.

Transliteration: atatoq-epepuq-ikiq-akiq atikokaqoq-otaqoq-ateq etiq-atiqoq-atiq ikotaq-atoq-atepuq-etoq

Transliteration: adadoq-ebebuq-igiq-agiq adigogaqoq-odaqoq-adeq ediq-adiqoq-adiq igodaq-adoq-adepuq-edoq

Pronunciation: aɾaɾoɦ-ebepuɦ-ikiʔ-agiʔ adikogaɦoɦ-odaɦoɦ-adeʔ etiʔ-adiqoɦ-adiʔ ikodaɦ-adoɦ-adepuɦ-etoɦ

Transcription: araro’-ebepu’-iki’-agi’ adikoga’o’-oda’o’-ade’ eti’-adiqo’-adi’ ikoda’-ado’-adepu’-eto’

Gloss: subject-ness-big-none evidental-past-verb-exist of-all-things-object before-gerund-object-big-cause

Translation: A great nothingness it seems existed in the days before the great cause of all things.

Transliteration 1: aqotik-oqat-uqepap-oqet iqet-oqiqat-iqat oqaqokikat-oqaqot-eqat oqatat-uqepap-iqik-iqak

Transliteration 2: aqodig-oqad-uqebab-oqed iqed-oqiqad-iqad oqaqogigad-oqaqod-eqad oqadad-uqebab-iqig-iqag

Pronunciation: aɦodik-oɦad-uɦepab-oɦet iʔet-oɦiʔad-iʔad oɦaɦogikad-oɦaɦod-eqad oɦaɾaɾ-uɦepab-iʔik-iʔag

Transcription: a’odik-o’ad-u’epab-o’et i’et-o’i’ad-i’ad o’a’ogikad-o’a’od-eqad o’arar-u’epab-i’ik-i’ag

Gloss: before-gerund-object-big-cause of-all-things-object evidental-past-verb-exist subject-ness-big-none

Translation: Before the great origin of all things, there must have existed in those days a great nothingness.

Transliteration 1: oqatat-uqepap-iqik-iqak oqaqokikat-oqaqot-eqat iqet-oqiqat-iqat aqotik-oqat-uqepap-oqet

Transliteration 2: oqadad-uqebab-iqig-iqag oqaqogigad-oqaqod-eqad iqed-oqiqad-iqad aqodig-oqad-uqebab-oqed

Pronunciation: oɦaɾaɾ-uɦepab-iʔik-iʔag oɦaɦogikad-oɦaɦod-eʔad iʔet-oɦiʔad-iʔad aɦodik-oɦad-uɦepab-oɦet

Transcription: o’arar-u’epab-i’ik-iʔag o’a’ogikad-o’a’od-e’ad i’et-o’i’ad-i’ad a’odik-o’ad-u’epab-o’et

Gloss: subject-ness-big-none evidental-past-verb-exist of-all-things-object before-gerund-object-big-cause

Translation: A great nothingness it seems existed in the days before the great cause of all things.