Central Declensions
III.b-8A.) Central Declensions
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III.b-8Aα.) Primary Central Declensions
Dialect #1
Case | Wordform | Meaning |
Vocative/topical | tiye / tiya / tiyu | You (unisex) / You (feminine) / You (masculine) |
Nominative | mile / kila / kilu | I (unisex) / She / He |
Objective | mine / kina / kinu | Me (unisex) / Her / Him |
Subjunctive | kiwe | ...the one who... |
Case | Wordform | Meaning |
Vocative/topical | radiye | Marks the addressee or topic of a statement |
Nominative | radile | Marks the subject of a verb |
Objective | radine | Marks the object of a verb |
Subjunctive | radiwe | Marks both the object of one clause and the subject of the next |
Dialect #2
Case | Wordform | Meaning |
Vocative/topical | ye-ti / ya-ti / yu-ti | You (unisex) / You (feminine) / You (masculine) |
Nominative | le-mi / la-ki / lu-ki | I (unisex) / She / He |
Objective | ne-mi / na-ki / nu-ki | Me (unisex) / Her / Him |
Subjunctive | we-ki | ...the one who... |
Case | Wordform | Meaning |
Vocative/topical | ye-radi | Marks the addressee or topic of a statement |
Nominative | le-radi | Marks the subject of a verb |
Objective | ne-radi | Marks the object of a verb |
Subjunctive | we-radi | Marks both the object of one clause and the subject of the next |
Dialect #3
Case | Wordform | Meaning |
Vocative/topical | ye tiye / ya tiya / yu tiyu | You (unisex) / You (feminine) / You (masculine) |
Nominative | le miye / la kiya / lu kiyu | I (unisex) / She / He |
Objective | ne miye / na kiya / nu kiyu | Me (unisex) / Her / Him |
Subjunctive | we kiye | ...the one who... |
Case | Wordform | Meaning |
Vocative/topical | yi radiyi | Marks the addressee or topic of a statement |
Nominative | li radiyi | Marks the subject of a verb |
Objective | ni radiyi | Marks the object of a verb |
Subjunctive | wi radiyi | Marks both the object of one clause and the subject of the next |
Dialect #4
Case | Wordform | Meaning |
Vocative/topical | i’t-ey / i’t-ay / i’t-uy | You (unisex) / You (feminine) / You (masculine) |
Nominative | i’m-el / i’k-al / i’k-ul | I (unisex) / She / He |
Objective | i’m-en / i’k-an / i’k-un | Me (unisex) / Her / Him |
Subjunctive | i’-em | ...the one who... |
Case | Wordform | Meaning |
Vocative/topical | i’rad-iy | Marks the addressee or topic of a statement |
Nominative | i’rad-il | Marks the subject of a verb |
Objective | i’rad-in | Marks the object of a verb |
Subjunctive | i’rad-im | Marks both the object of one clause and the subject of the next |
III.b-8Aβ.) Secondary Central Declensions
Not technically "cases" in the traditional sense of the word, these grammatical distinctions are nonetheless wrapped up in the Palæoboreanic case/declension system and can therefore at least be regarded as "honorary cases".
Dialect #1
Case | Wordform | Meaning | |
Relative | ilwi | What/which | |
Interrogative | ilikwi / kwili | What/which [?] | |
Demonstrative | Generic | ilani | It / The thing/object |
Proximal | ilipi | This (one) | |
Medial | ilidi | That (one) | |
Distal | iliki | Yon (thing/object) | |
Quantifying | Exclusive | ? | Something |
Inclusive | ? | Anything | |
Universal | ? | Everything | |
Negative | iliŋe / ŋili | Nothing |
Case | Wordform | Meaning | |
Relative | radilwe | What/which light | |
Interrogative | radilikwe | What/which light [?] | |
Demonstrative | Generic | radilane | The light |
Proximal | radilipe | This light | |
Medial | radilide | That light | |
Distal | radilike | Yon light | |
Quantifying | Exclusive | ? | Some light |
Inclusive | ? | Any light | |
Universal | ? | Every light | |
Negative | radiliŋe | No light |
Dialect #2
Case | Wordform | Meaning | |
Relative | wili-ni | What/which | |
Interrogative | kwili-ni / kwili | What/which [?] | |
Demonstrative | Generic | nili-ni | It / The thing/object |
Proximal | pili-ni | This (one) | |
Medial | dili-ni | That (one) | |
Distal | kili-ni | Yon (thing/object) | |
Quantifying | Exclusive | ? | Something |
Inclusive | ? | Anything | |
Universal | ? | Everything | |
Negative | ŋili-ni / ŋili | Nothing |
Case | Wordform | Meaning | |
Relative | weli-radi | What/which light | |
Interrogative | kwili-radi | What/which light [?] | |
Demonstrative | Generic | nili-radi | The light |
Proximal | pili-radi | This light | |
Medial | dili-radi | That light | |
Distal | kili-radi | Yon light | |
Quantifying | Exclusive | ? | Some light |
Inclusive | ? | Any light | |
Universal | ? | Every light | |
Negative | ŋili-radi | No light |
III.b-8Aγ.) Tertiary Central Declensions
Case | Wordform | Meaning |
Ergative | radillis[si] | Marks the agent of a transitive, passive, or causative verb |
Absolutive | radilli | Marks the experiencer of an intransitive verb (by being left unmarked) |
? | radillit[ti] | Marks the patient of a passive verb |
Indirective | radinnit[ti] | Marks the indirect object of a ditransitive verb |
Reciprocative | radillist[i] | Marks the experiencer or patient if it is also the agent |
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