The Palæoboreanica

III.b-10B.) Modality

Modality in the Proto-Borean language.

III.b-10Bα.) Narrative Modality

Indicative — Radelenetille — Thou shinest

Energetic — Radelehetille — Thou dost shine; thou certainly shinest

Declarative — Radelebhetille — Thou shinest!

Capacitative — Radelechetille — Thou canst shine

— Radeledretille — Thou darest shine

Requisitive — Radeleldetille — Thou needest shine

Negative — Radelenhetille — Thou shinest not

Oppositional — Radeledetille — Thou de-shinest; thou darkenest

Subjunctive Radelmhenetithe That thou [wouldst/shouldst/might] shine

Remotive Subjunctive — Radelmheunetille[phai] — [If] thou shone

III.b-10Bβ.) Alethic & Non-alethic Modality

Alethic Narrative — Radelenetille — Thou shinest

Non-Alethic Narrative — Radelenlhetille — Thou shinest [because I refuse to believe otherwise]

III.b-10Bγ.) Speculative Modality

Hypothetical — Radelemlhetille — Thou might/may be shining

Presumptive — Radelemmhetille — Thou might shine

Tentative — Radelemhetille — Thou wouldst shine

Tentative Eventive — Lecgheradelemhetille — Thou wouldst likely/probably shine

Potential — Radelechmhetille — Thou couldst shine

Potential Eventive — Lecgheradelechmhetille — Thou couldst probably/likely shine

Conditional — Radeleshmhetille — Thou shouldst [in that case] shine

III.b-10Bδ.) Epistemic Modality

S.

III.b-10Bδ-α.) Summative Epistemic Modality

Dubitative — Radelegnhetille — It is doubtful / not confirmed/proven that thou shinest

Probabilitative — Radelecchetille — Thou dost possibly shine

Superprobabilitative — Radelecghetille — Thou probably dost shine

Hyperprobabilitative — Radelegghetille — Thou must shine (likelihood)

Obligative — Radeleshlhetille — Thou shouldst/ought to shine (expectation)

Reputative — Radeleldlhetille — Thou art supposed to shine; thou shinest [by reputation]

Approximative — Radelenlhetille — Thou seemest to shine

Deductive — Radelelclhetille — Thou must [therefore] shine (not a directive)

III.b-10Bδ-β.) Relative Epistemic Modality

Sarcastic — Radeleghetille — Thou shinest [not] (spoken sardonically)

Facetious — Radelemlhetille — Thou might shine (spoken playfully/teasingly)

Infelicitous — Radelemdlhetille — I hear that thou shinest [and would like to know if this is true]

Felicitous — Radelendlhetille — It is said [by a reputable source] that thou shinest

Inferential — Radelendhlhetille — It is inferred [by some/someone] that thou shinest

Admirative — Radelemghetille — Surprisingly [or to my surprise], thou shinest

Confirmative — Radelegnetille — It is confirmed/proven that thou dost definitely shine

III.b-10Bε.) Sensory-Evidental Modality

Aural Sensory — Radeledlhetille — I hear that thou shinest

Cognitive Sensory — Radelegnlhetille — I figure that thou shinest

Extrasensory — Radelepslhetille — I divine that thou shinest

Generic Sensory — Radelemtlhetille — I sense that thou shinest

Gnostic Sensory — Radelegnlhetille — I know that thou shinest

Instinctive Sensory — Radelemnlhetille — I feel in my gut that thou shinest

Olfactory Sensory — Radelestlhetille — I smell that thou shinest

Savory Sensory — Radelesplhetille — I taste that thou shinest

Tactile Sensory — Radelemplhetille — I feel that thou shinest

Visual Sensory — Radelebhslhetille — I see that thou shinest

III.b-10Bζ.) Deontic Modality

S.

III.b-10Bζ-α.) Volitive Deontic Modality

Desiderative — Radelembmhetille — Thou might shine (a hope or wish)

Desiderative subj. — Radelmhembmhetille — Thou wouldst shine (a hope or wish)

Imprecative — Radelembmhetille — Thou might shine (a curse or hex)

Imprecative subj. — Radelmhembmhetille — Thou wouldst shine (a curse or hex)

Commissive — Radeleshetille — Thou shalt shine (declaration; promise; guarantee)

Hortative — Radeletslhemille — Let me shine

Cohortative — Radeletslhemhialle — Let’s/let us shine

Jussive — Radeletslhetille — Let thyself shine

Optative — Radeletslhenille — Let it shine

III.b-10Bζ-β.) Directive Deontic Modality

Permissive — Radelumblhetille — Thou mayest shine

Prohibitive — Lenheradelumblhetille — Thou mayest not shine

Suggestive — Radelmhunmhetille — Thou ought to shine

Injunctive — Radelunshetille —

Necessitative — Radelunshetille — Thou shalt shine (demand)

Imperative — Radelulhetilhe — Shine, thou

III.b-10Bη.) Interrogative Modality

Informal inquisitive — Radelecmhetille? — Thou shinest?

Formal inquisitive — Lecmheradelenetille? — Dost thou shine?

Precative — Lecmheradelemhetille? — Wouldst thou shine?

Deliberative — Lecmheradelenmhetille? — Ought thou shine?

Ejaculative — Lecmheradeleshmhemhialle? — Shall we shine?

Conjunctive — Radelumhetille — Thou shalt shine (request)

III.b-10Bθ.) Attributive Modality

Adjectival — Radiliniradille — Bright light

Adverbial — Radiliniradelenetille — Thou shinest brightly